Amuna a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Olamulira a USSR

Makamu apamwamba a ulamuliro wa asilikali akhala akulemekezedwa nthawi zonse. Koma kodi mutuwu wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali? Ndipo ndi ndani omwe anatsogolere ankhondo ndi malire, akutsogolera nkhaniyi mu imodzi mwa nkhondo zazikulu kwambiri za nkhondo za anthu?

Ndi ndani, akuluakulu a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse?

Amakhala mu Soviet Union

Mpaka chaka cha 1940 panalibe udindo wotero mu mphamvu ya mphepo ya Soviet Union. Anzake anali atsogoleri, mabungwe, akuluakulu a asilikali, commissars. Zoona, mu Septemba 1935 udindo wa akalulu unayambira, umene unaperekedwa kwa anthu asanu. Koma nkhondo isanayambe, awiri okhawo anakhalabe amoyo.

Mu Meyi 1940, kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu oposa chikwi adakambidwa ku udindo wadziko lonse. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo panali anthu 1056 pa udindo uwu. Pofika mu May 1945, chiŵerengero chawo chinali chofikira anthu 5597.

Pakati pa akufa ndi kusowa pakati pa 1940 mpaka 1945 pali 421 akulu ndi amitundu.

Tiyeni tizimvetse mwatsatanetsatane ndipo ndi dzina tidzatcha akuluakulu akuluakulu.

Olamulira a dziko lapansi

Ngakhale m'madera apamwamba, msirikali amakhala msilikali. Ndipo iye sali wotsimikizika kwathunthu ku imfa pa nkhondo kapena pofuna kusunga ulemu wake. Ngakhale panali ena osiyana maganizo. Koma tilankhula za iwo mu gawo loyenera.

Kotero, sikuti akuluakulu onse a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse adapulumuka. I.R. Apanasenko, M.P. Kirponos, I.A. Bogdanov, F.Ya. Kostenko, M.P. Petrov, N.F. Vatutin ndi I.D. Chernyakhovsky wamphamvu kwambiri anafa pansi zosiyanasiyana. M.G. Efremov anadzipha kuti asafike kwa a fascists amoyo, ndipo DG Pavlov adatsutsidwa.

Otsalira otsala a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, omwe mndandandanda wawo udzakhala ndi masamba oposa limodzi, anapulumuka ndipo adawathandiza kwambiri kugonjetsa Soviet Union mu nkhondoyi.

Tidzatchula ochepa chabe. I.H. Bagramyan imayimilidwa kawiri ku mutu wa Hero of the Soviet Union, yomwe ikugwira nawo ntchito zambiri zonyansa.

S.M. Budyonny ndi wotchuka osati za mavuvu ake okha, komanso ma medali 3 a Gold Star omwe adalandira panthawi ya nkhondo. Anagwira nawo nkhondo ku Moscow ndi ku Caucasus.

G.K. Zhukov anayikidwa ku mutu wa Hero of the Soviet Union, yemwe ali m'gulu la nkhondo zambiri ndi ntchito.

K.E. Voroshilov adapatsidwa nyenyezi ziwiri zokha zagolide. Komanso mwa ulemu wake amatchedwa zida zolemetsa zokhazokha - "Clim Voroshilov."

Otsogolera Atsogolo Akumbuyo

Kawirikawiri, kuti mupambane nkhondo zikwi zambiri, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi zochitika m'madera ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuti mumvetsetse mwakuchita mwanjira zamakono ndi njira, kuti mudziwe maonekedwe onse a asilikali osiyanasiyana, kuthekera kwawo kuti agwirizane. Tiyeneranso kusakaniza chifuniro ndi changu cha kupanga kupanga. Makhalidwe amenewa ndi ena amapangidwa ndi akuluakulu apamwamba a asilikali, omwe angathe kulamulira asilikali.

Akuluakulu a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse adawatsogolere ndi magulu a chitetezo. Pakati pawo tingathe kutchula mayina otsatirawa: M.S. Gromadin, P.E. Gudymenko, D.A. Zhuravlev ndi G.S. Zashihin.

Akuluakulu a boma la Soviet ndi ophwanya malamulo

Koma osati akuluakulu onse a USSR amaika ulemu ndi kukhulupirika kwa a Motherland pamwamba pa miyoyo yawo ndi zofuna zawo. Ena mwa anthu oterewa angatchedwe anthu ochepa.

G.N. Zhilenkov anagwidwa ukapolo ku Germany pafupi ndi tauni ya Vyazma. Kumeneku iye ankadziyesa kukhala msilikali yekha ndipo mpaka 1942 anatumikira ku Wehrmacht ngati woyendetsa wamba. Koma mwangozi iye adadziwika ndi woyang'anira zinyama. Pambuyo pofunsidwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa kukhala okonzeka kugwirizana, George Nikolaevich akukumana ndi Goebbels ndipo amasankhidwa kuti athandize Vlasov.

Mu 1945 iye anamangidwa ndi Achimereka. Anauza a Soviet counterintelligence za iyeyo, kuyembekezera kuti agwirizane, koma pambuyo pa mlanduyo anaweruzidwa kuti afe. Kuphedwa mwa kupachikidwa kunkachitika kundende ya Butyrskaya.

V.F. Malyshkin anaikidwa m'ndende pambuyo pa Vyazemsky Kettle. Posakhalitsa anafotokoza chikhumbo chogwirizana. Anagwira ntchito ku Dipatimenti ya Zolaliki ndipo kuyambira 1943 wakhala wothandizira wa Vlasov pankhaniyi.

Anamangidwanso ndi anthu a ku America, kupita ku boma la Soviet ndipo anaphedwa m'ndende ya Butyrka.

B.S. Richter, F.I. Trukhin nayenso anatha kutumikira mbali zonse za Soviet ndi Germany.

Kotero, tikuwona kuti akuluakulu a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse sankachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi. Iwo anali anthu wamba omwe anali ndi mantha ndi zilakolako zawo, komabe ndi maluso apadera mu masewera a usilikali.

Mtsogoleri wa asilikali a Wehrmacht

Kodi chikuchitika chiani kumbali inayo kutsogolo? Kodi akuluakulu a ku Germany a Second World War anali otchuka kwambiri pa nkhondo?

Pakati pawo palinso anthu amene anamwalira pankhondoyi. Awa ndi Günther von Kluge, Fedor von Bock, Georg von Witzleben, Walter Model, Erwin Rommel ndi ena.

Pafupifupi onsewa anapatsidwa "Iron Cross", yomwe inaperekedwa kuyambira 1939 kwa ntchito zitatu zoopsa zomwe zinachitidwa bwino.

Ena mwa akuluakulu olemekezeka ndi Herman Balck, Albert Kesselring, Walter Model, Erwin Rommel, Ferdinand Schörner, omwe anayikanso maulendo anayi.

Olamulira achijeremani

Komabe, sizinali zonse zomwe zinkayenda bwino monga momwe zingamvekere. Mwa lamulo la Wehrmacht palinso anthu omwe sanagwirizane ndi zochitikazo. Pofunafuna tsogolo labwino, iwo anali pa mndandanda wa osakhulupilira kupita kudziko lakwawo.

Vincent Müller, Lieutenant-General. Mu June 1944, adaponyedwa ndi Army 4 pafupi ndi Minsk. Tippelskirch, mkulu wa bungweli, adamusiya ulamuliro wonse, atathawa ndi antchito ake.

Chifukwa chake, popanda kuthandizidwa, kupereka, kupereka, ngakhale kukhala ndi mapu osavuta ndi nzeru, iye anakakamizidwa kuti asiye kukana ndi kudzipereka kwa asilikali a Soviet.

Monga tikuonera, olamulira ambiri a Dziko Lachiwiri anasintha maganizo awo pambuyo, osalandira chithandizo, adatengedwa kundende. Mwachitsanzo, Otto Korfes anagwidwa ku Stalingrad ndipo adaperekedwa mokwanira. Pambuyo pake, iye ankagwirizana ndi asilikali a Soviet, omwe banja lake ku Germany linkachitidwa nkhanza kwambiri.

Bernard Behler nayenso anagwidwa ndi Stalingrad. Chifukwa chachikulu chimene apolisi anayamba kugwirizanirana ndi mdaniyo ndi chakuti adatsutsa zochepa za Hitler.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti akuluakulu a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse adali okonzeka kutumikira dziko lawo ndikugonjetsa nkhondo, koma nthawi zonse utsogoleri unayamikira changu chawo. Kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa ndi malingaliro ena kumakakamiza kugwirizana ndi mdani.

Choncho, m'nkhaniyi, tinkangoganizira pang'ono za omwe akuluakulu oterewa anali, ndipo tinakambirana za asilikali apamwamba a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.