Limaonetseratu Graphic Tirhana mabuku

Monga mmodzi zaluso, mabuku ndi zovuta zake njira luso, potengera mwayi wa chinenero kutukwana. Iwo pamodzi amatchedwa akuti "akutanthauza wa mavoti mu mabuku." Cholinga cha ndalama izi - kwambiri mochititsatu kaso kufotokoza akamachita zenizeni ndi kusonyeza tanthauzo, lingaliro luso ntchito, komanso kuti akonze maganizo ena.

Mathotho ndi kanjedza

njira limaonetseratu-wophiphiritsa wa chinenero - zosiyanasiyana kudutsa ndi mafanizo. Mawu "njinga" m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "Kukwera" ndiko kuti, izi ndi mawu ena kapena mawu ntchito mophiphiritsa. Mathotho onse kudzera ofotokoza ndi limaonetseratu mu mabuku wolemba amagwiritsa zithunzi zambiri. Achipongwe, mafanizo personifications, okokomeza ndi njira zina luso zokhudzana ndi njinga. Mafanizo - kulankhula akutembenukira, ikuthandizira kamvekedwe maganizo ntchito. Otsutsana, epiphora, inversion, ndi ena ambiri - ndi njira chifaniziro mabuku zokhudza phwando stylistic pansi pa dzina ambiri "mafanizo". Tsopano yang'anani pa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

achipongwe

Ambiri zolembalemba chipangizo - ndi ntchito achipongwe, amene woboola pakati, kawirikawiri zophiphiritsira chabe, mawu, picturesquely anafotokoza mwa kulongosola chinthu. Achipongwe timakumana nawo mu folklore ( "maulemu phwando", "ambiri golide chuma" mu epic "Sadko") ndi ntchito za mlembi ( "ochenjera ndi wosasamala" mkokomo wa zipatso wagwa mu ndakatuloyi Mandelstam a). The limaonetseratu epithet, ndi maganizo ndi owala image, analengedwa ndi mawu wojambula.

mafanizo

Mawu akuti "fanizo" anabwera kwa ife kuchokera Chigiriki komanso zoti ambiri a tropes. Kwenikweni amatanthauza "tanthauzo lophiphiritsira." Ngati wolemba anayerekezera dontho la mame njere ya diamondi, ndi gulu la chofiira rowan moto, ndiye tikulankhula za fanizo.

metonymy

chinenero chidwi kwambiri zithunzi zikutanthauza - metonymy. Kumasulira kwa Greek - renaming. Pankhaniyi, dzina la chinthu ndi anasamutsidwa ndi mzake, ndi kubadwa njira yatsopano. The maloto kwambiri chifika Peter Wamkulu pa mbendera zonse kuti adzakhala "kudzationa" kuchokera Pushkin a "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" - ndi chitsanzo cha metonymy. Mawu "Mbendera" Pankhaniyi m'malo maganizo "dziko, boma." Metonymy mosavuta ntchito mu wailesi ndi kucheza "White House" Mwachitsanzo, dzina la osati zomanga, ndi anthu ake. Tikati "anapitirira mano", tikutanthauza kuti a mano mbisoweka.

Synecdoche kumasulira - chiŵerengero. Iyi ndi kulanda mtengo, koma mwa kuchuluka, "ndi German anasamukira ku kumuukira" (kutanthauza regiments German), "osati pano ntchentche mbalame sukupita pano chirombo" (Izi, kumene, nyama zambiri ndi mbalame).

oxymoron

njira wophiphiritsa-limaonetseratu za mabuku - ndi mkulu oxymoron. Stylistic chithunzi, zomwe usiye kukhala stylistic kulakwitsa - mgwirizano wa atakwatirana, mu pomasulira mawu achigiriki zikumveka ngati "wochenjera-opusa." Zitsanzo za oxymoron ndi - maina a mabuku odziwika "Hot Snow", "Virgin Nthaka Upturned" kapena "The Living mtembo".

Kufanana ndi parcelling

Nthawi zambiri, monga njira limaonetseratu ntchito kufanana (ntchito dala malembedwe ofanana mizere moyandikana ndi ziganizo) ndi parceling (Chigawo mawu mu mawu limodzi). Chitsanzo anapezazo woyamba m'buku la Solomo kuti: ". Nthawi kulira, ndi nthawi kuvina" Chitsanzo chachiwiri:

• "Ine ndikupita. Ndipo inu mukupita. Ife Tikakhala nanu limodzi panjira.
  Ine mudzapeza. Inu - simudzapeza. Ngati inu muti mupite pambuyo. "

inversion

ndi njira akuti kulankhula luso mwina kudzakomananso chiyani? Inversion. akuti anachokera ku mawu Latin likumasuliridwa kuti "transposition, inversion. Mu mabuku, ndi osiyanitsidwa amatchedwa permutation mawu kapena mbali ziganizo ndi ochiritsira adzagonjetsa dongosolo. Izi zachitika kuonetsetsa kuti mawu amawonetsa chidwi kwambiri, kuluma kapena zokongola: "The kuleza mtima wa anthu athu!", "M'badwo wa openga, spacey."

Okokomeza. Litotes. Izitu n'zovutitsa

Limaonetseratu Graphic Tirhana mabuku - izi ndi okokomeza, litotes, Izitu n'zovutitsa. Woyamba ndi wachiwiri anawagawira monga kusinjirira, ayi. Okokomeza angatchedwe ngwazi kufotokoza Mikuly Selyaninovicha, amene ndi dzanja limodzi "povydernul" kulima ndi nthaka, ndilo lonse "Horobrih druzhinushka" Volga Svyatoslavich sanathe kuwasuntha. Litotes M'malo mwake, izo zimapangitsa fano ridiculously kakang'ono galu kakang'ono akuti ndi "osati thimble." The Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi zimene kwenikweni zikumveka likumasuliridwa kuti "lotereli" Cholinga kuyitana chinthu si choncho, monga izo zikuwoneka. Ndi zotonza zochenjera zimene tanthauzo lenileni wabisika pansi pa mawu zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, apa ndi Buku nditaona kuti kusoŵa munthu, "Kodi inu, Cicero, mawu awiri simungakhoze kuwamanga?" Nditaona tanthauzo pempho kwagona kuti Cicero anali wogwira kwambiri.

Kutengera ndi kufanizitsa

njira wowoneka akuyerekezedwa ndi zina zofanana. Zida zithunzi kulenga mabuku apadera, ndakatulo, akuchonderera owerenga ndi erudition chikhalidwe. Kuyerekezera - kaŵirikaŵiri anagwiritsa ntchito njira pamene zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa swirling mmene kanyamaka mu pane akumuyerekezera, mwachitsanzo, ndi dzombe udzudzu, ntchentche kuwala (Pasternak). Kapena, monga Joseph Brodsky, chiombankhanga yakuuluka m'mlengalenga "ngati muzu lalikulu." Pamene kudziyerekeza zopanda moyo tikhale ndi chifuniro cha wojambula katundu "moyo". Izi "kupuma miphika" umene "chimakhala ofunda chikopa jekete," Yevtushenko kapena yaing'ono "klenenochek" Yesenin, amene "akuyamwitsa" "wobiriwira udder" wamkulu mtengo pafupi ndi kumene anakulira. Ndipo kumbukirani Pasternak Mkuntho kuti "sculpts" pa zenera "mabwalo ndi mivi!"

Pun. Panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira. otsutsana

Pakati manambalawo stylistic akhoza osanenapo pun, panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira, otsutsana.

Pun, French chiyambi akuti Kumafuna luso akuyimba matanthauzo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, nthabwala, "anakoka uta wake ndipo anapita kwa masquerade zovala Chipollino".

Maphunziro - mawu mawu homogeneous kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa mwamphamvu maganizo awo: anafika, naona, analanda.

Otsutsana - kusiyana zidzasintha pakati lakuthwa monga Pushkin a "Mavuto Little" pamene akulongosola tebulo, limene kumene feasted, ndipo tsopano ndi ofunika bokosi. Kulandira otsutsana amakulitsa wachisoni zophiphiritsira chabe lingaliro la Nkhani.

Pano pali njira yaikulu ya mawu, imene wojambula amagwiritsa ntchito kupereka owerenga zikusonyeza, thandizo ndi dziko zokongola mawu.