Aristophanes, "The Achule": mwachidule Comedy, kusanthula ndi ndemanga

Aristophanes - wotchuka wakale Greek Wolemba wina, wotchedwa iye kuwalakwira "tate wa sewero lanthabwala." M'nkhani ino tikambirana mmodzi wa masewero wake wotchuka - "Achule". Taganizirani ake Mwachidule, mwachidule kusanthula ndi kudzapereka ndemanga kuwerenga.

prehistory

Ali ndi china choti ndichite ndi mbiri ya sewero lanthabwala wakale Greek, Aristophanes analemba. "Achule" (mwachidule azipereka m'munsimu), kotero muyenera kuwerenga pambuyo yochepa malongosoledwe.

Mu Athens, anakhala atatu kudziwika kwa onse Greece olemba masoka: wamkulu wa iwo anali Aeschylus, sing'anga - ndipo wamng'ono Sophocles - Euripides. Choncho Aeschylus ankaona otchuka ndi amphamvu, Sophocles - zogwirizana ndi momveka, ndi Euripides - paradoxical ndi mantha. Pa nthawi ya kulemba sewero lanthabwala playwrights onse anali atamwalira kale, mtsutso akupitiriza pakati m'nthawi za amene zabwino kwa iwo. maganizo ake pa nkhani imeneyi anaganiza kufotokoza Aristophanes ( "chule") mu sewerolo. Mwachidule, amene angapezeke m'munsimu, kufotokoza momveka bwino amene, mu maganizo a Comedy, zabwino.

The tanthauzo la dzina la

Kodi chinachitika n'chiyani kuti dzina lachilendo kwa sewerolo wodzipereka kwa playwrights? chakuti kwaya la Comedy, Aristophanes pathupi, anali kuti atavala zovala za achule ndi onse a nyimbo awo croaking mizere.

Koma achule awa si kophweka, zikupezeka akufa mu mtsinje Styx, ndi wakupambana mizimu ya akufa boti Charon.

Aristophanes, "The Achule": mwachidule. tayi

Mu Athens, woyang'anira mulungu wa zisudzo anali Diyonisiyo. Iye akunena kuti mzinda sakhala thespians wabwino. The nkhawa za tsogolo la zisudzo, iye wasankha kupita ku Hade ndi kutulutsamo Euripides.

Diyonisiyo sadziwa kuti ku Hade, kotero malangizo kwa Hercules, amene anali kale kumeneko. Akuti mudzawoloka Charon, ndizo basi onse katundu kusiya gombe. Koma Diyonisiyo sangathe kutaya zinthu zawo. Ndiye Mulungu yekha adzakhala mu ngalawa ndipo kuwapititsa ku tsidya lina la bwalolo, ndi mtumiki wake ndi zinthu kuthamangathamanga m'mphepete. Kumbali inayo zikupezeka.

Mungapeze Hade

Kwenikweni ali amphamvu m'nthano maziko sewero lanthabwala wa Aristophanes 'Achule "(mwachidule ndi umboni).

Apa Diyonisiyo nyumba ya Hade, amene Aeacus akukhala. Mu nthano amaonekera woweruza wa kumidima, ndipo sewerolo chosonyeza kapolo wapakhomo. Diyonisiyo ndi kugogoda pa chipata. EAA akufunsa amene anabwera. Mulungu, donning khungu mkango, ananena kuti Hercules. Mlonda likuoneka kuti kumukokera iye mizukwa, chifukwa ngwazi anatenga Cerberus wake.

Dionysos mantha ananamizira ngati mkazi, ndipo amapereka khungu kapolo. Koma ndiye pali wantchito wa Mfumukazi Hade ndi Hercules m'dzina la Akazi a kumpanda. Diyonisiyo ndi mtumiki wake kubvala mofulumira kachiwiri.

Aeacus umabwerera kwa m'ndende. Iye amayang'ana pa alendowo ndipo simungathe kulingalira amene ali kapolo ndi ndani mwini. Amaona kuwayankha anakhumudwa onse - woyamba kulira, ndi kapolo. Koma ankapitabe sanabwere kuchokera. Ndiye Aeacus wasankha kutenga alendo wosayembekezekawu Hade, mulungu wa nthaka longosola ndi ndani.

andakatulo mpikisano

Chidule ( "chule") ndiye amatenga maonekedwe zachilendo kwa wowerenga ano, chifukwa zochita za sewerolo ndi mawu nyimboyi, umene uli mu mawonekedwe a nyimbo ayankhula pa magazini atsopano. Kenako, chitukuko chiwembu zikuchitika.

Iwo likukhalira kuti pali mpikisano pakati pa alakatuli mu kumidima. Mpaka posachedwapa, zabwino anali Aeschylus, koma tsopano mutu wake akukangana Euripides. Ndi Hade adzakhala anaika woweruza mpikisano Diyonisiyo. Umayamba machesi.

Woyamba amachita Euripides, Aeschylus, iye mlandu chakuti masewero ake ndi yosasangalatsa, mawu zovuta kuzimvetsa. Pa chimodzimodzi Euripides zonse yosavuta kumva, monga moyo. Aeschylus mdani anakana kuti cholinga cha ndakatulo ndi kuphunzitsa anthu choonadi komanso ubwino, ndi ngwazi za Euripides loipa komanso olusa, kuti athe kuphunzitsa omvera wabwino? Pamene mawu, malingaliro mkulu ndi mkulu chinenero oyenerera.

ndakatulo kuwerenga

A mokwanira nthano kumvetsa zinthu zimene analemba Aristophanes ( "chule"). Mwachidule, ulaliki kapena kusanthula kotero musati popanda ulendowu tating'ono nthano zakale Greek.

Ayamba mbali ina ya mpikisano - alakatuli kuwerenga ndakatulo awo. Woyamba amachita Aeschylus. Euripides zimapangitsa linanena kuti Mwachitsanzo, Orestes pa manda a bambo wake akupemphera "kumva ndi kumvera," koma m'malo mwake ndi chinthu chomwecho. kakuwasangalatsa wake Diyonisiyo - Orestes apemphe kwa akufa, ndi kuti ngakhale ndi kubwereza ndi - salabadira.

Kenako werengani zolengedwa awo Euripides, ndi Aeschylus ndi niggles pano - chifukwa sewero zonse akuyamba ndi pedigrees. Knotted mkangano kwambiri kuti pafupifupi akubwera ku nkhonya. Koma nthawi amathandizira Diyonisiyo. Mulungu amazindikira kuti tiyeni andakatulo amaloweza ndime imodzi ndakatulo, ndipo iye adzakhala pa sikelo ya kuyeza mmodzi "ankawonjezereka". Euripides akuyamba, koma ntchito yake wolemera ndi zovuta. Aeschylus akupitiriza ndipo anati, zogwirizana ndi mosangalatsa chingwe. Diyonisiyo mwadzidzidzi amafuula kuti "Aeschylus kwambiri."

zotsatira

Mu gawo lina lotsatira la alakatuli mpikisano mugawane maganizo awo pa mavuto azandale Athens. Komabe, pali ndakatulo okha. Diyonisiyo mu chisokonezeko amene kuchotsapo Hade yekha. Mwadzidzidzi chiganizo ndipo akulengeza wopambana wa Aeschylus. Euripides akukwiya: mulungu analonjeza kuti akamgwire Iye. Poyankha, Diyonisiyo akukumana ndakatulo yake - "Si ine, lilime langa anakulonjezerani." Wolemba ndakatulo akupitiriza sakugwirizana ndi Mulungu amatipatsa ndi zilembedwe za ntchito zake. Chifukwa, Euripides chete.

Diyonisiyo ndi Aeschylus akubwerera. Hade akuwafunsa kuti akapereke anamatetule zosiyanasiyana kudziwika ndi andale kuti iwo akhala akuyembekezera icho. The nyimboyi amayimba Athens ndi Aeschylus, ndi chosaneneka mbuye mawu.

Choncho mapeto sewero lanthabwala kuti analemba Aristophanes ( "chule"). Chidule cha tsikulo wowerenga angathe kwambiri yafupika, osati kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane mikangano ndi mlonda ndi ndakatulo squabble.

kusanthula

The sewero lanthabwala anali woyamba anachita mu 405 BC. e. ndipo anali bwino analandira mwa anthu a ku Atene. Ndipotu sewero ili ndi chinyezimiro cha maganizo mabuku a wolemba. Comedy kuonekeratu ukuperekedwa Euripides, amene limapezeka effeminate, chimatsogoleredwa ndi antipatriotichnym. Mosiyana, yaima Aeschylus - High ndakatulo amene ndakatulo zinapatsira ndi amunamuna Maral akuya kwambiri ndiponso dziko lawo.

ntchito kwambiri nkani zigamulo zimene Aristophanes amaona palokha. "Achule" (mwachidule ali m'nkhani ino) zinalembedwa ndi wolemba pambuyo mndandanda wa zolephera ndale ndi pa nkhondo ya Athens. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa Aristophanes amaona mu latsopano kuti - demokalase, ndi amene timapezamo Euripides. Ngakhale Aeschylus ndi chinyezimiro cha dongosolo loyambalo. Ngakhale lathu andale si kuchepa mu parody la mankhwala. Comedy anakhalabe mu kalembedwe mwambo wa buffoonery ndi jester.

Reviews

Pamwamba, tinanyamuka chidule cha comedies wa Aristophanes 'Achule' ndemanga monga tikuimira pano. Choncho, ngakhale kuti nthawi imene yapitayi kuyambira nthawi ya kulemba sewerolo, izo akadali kuwerenga ndi kuseka. Aristophanes Nthabwala makamaka bwino tsopano. Kumene, owerenga kuona kuti chosadziwa za mbiri ndi mabuku a Greece wakale ungamuphe chisokonezo, koma chonse izo samaletsa kusangalala mankhwala.