Amene anatulukira njinga - German kapena Russian maziko Dresen Artamonov?

Nthawi zambiri, Russian, patsogolo pa anthu m'mayiko ena, obweretsa kuyiwala za zinthu zazing'ono - kukonza mfundo za nthawi, ndi kulembamo izo ndi opereka ndi eni luso zofunika ndi zikalata kukopera. Mu dziko amadziwika kuti wailesi koyamba Marconi. Amene anatulukira gudumu? Kodi mukudziwa? Chabwino, ndithudi, Baron Von Dresen! Germany chotere anzeru, monga ndalama ...

Apa, yoyamba zalembedwa chitsanzo cha njinga. The chithunzi limasonyeza kuti chimango matabwa ake, ndi chiwongolero ndi padded mpando. Ambiri, pamene ankaona chapatali, ndiye pali kufanana ndi amakono akavalo awiri mawiro kumeneko, koma monga momwe Iye akufanana sidewall a ngolo, kudula kuchokera ena ziwaloziwalo. Komabe, iye akuima nyumbayi, mfundo ndi yakuti. anayambitsa yekha 1817 anamutcha makina kuyenda, ndi kutsatira mfundo atsopano luso ndi analogues, chotero limagwirira angatchedwe njinga yamoto yovundikira.

mfundo zimene tsopano angatchedwe nthano: a serf Artamonov wa Nizhny Tagil mu 1801 anabwera ndi awiri mawiro zitsulo ngo limagwirira ndi chiwongolero ndipo anawayesa, oyendayenda zikwi ziwiri kutali St. Petersburg kuti Verkhoturye. Liwiro pafupifupi anali makilomita khumi pa ora, izo Zimapezeka gudumu kutsogolo, adali ndi awiri akuluakulu kuposa kumbuyo. Pambuyo athamangadi izi ndi zitsanzo za Khodynka galimoto anaphatikizidwa magulu yosowa zachilendo zinthu m'dziko iye anadalitsidwa ufulu ndi pang'ono ndalama, ndipo zimenezi zinachitika zoseketsa kwambiri patapita nthawi anaiwala. Tsopano kapena kukumbukira amene anatulukira njinga?

Koma patsogolo alibe kuima, ndipo tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa amisiri European - palibe mfundo luso ku Artamonov iwo yobwereka. Iwo moona anayesa reinvent gudumu. Oyambitsa sitingapeze mlandu plagiarism, chifukwa galimoto pa samatha akulu, zomwe zinakambidwa mu Paris mu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, chiwongolero analibe, monga pedals lapansi. Ngakhale zolakwa ngati nyumba osiyana, kuyambitsa anapanga zotengeka. About amene anatulukira njinga mu France, nkhani, mwa njira, ndi chete. Pofuna kukwera pa njinga, akukankha yekha pansi, linali lofala. Zinali ndiye ndi panali dzina wopangidwa mwa mawu awiri Latin kutanthauza "liwiro" ndi "miyendo".

Tsopano kachiwiri za amene anapanga njinga, za Baron Karle Dreze. mwana wake ndithu siyanitsa ndi wosazindikira French DIY pamaso chiwongolero. Izi ndi luso lofunika analola zikope zake chokhala ndi mlombwa wreath patsogolo.

M'tsogolo, zaka sate-faifi - makumi Germany mtima wonse kutsogolera makampani njinga mafakitale. Fisher anaganiza koma kuika ngo kuti limagwirira tiyipukuse. Gudumu kutsogolo anayamba kuchita kupereka mofulumira. Amenewa chiwembu kinematic walandira malamulo dzina "kangaude" koma kwenikweni anali yemweyo, Artamonovskaya Kamangidwe.

Tsopano zilibe amene anatulukira njinga. Ngakhale kuphweka a kamangidwe, izo linapereka kuti chitukuko cha matayala pneumatic, amene anayamba kuikidwa pa magalimoto. Panthawi imeneyi, boma la Britain, Thomson ndi Dunlop analandira, anatulukira ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito magudumu njinga. Komabe, ndipo apa popanda sanachite: zatsopano Ivanov akufuna amapangidwa padera ndi casing kamera.