Great nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse: Brusilov zolawula

Nkhondo za nkhondo kawirikawiri ankavala chikhalidwe zolawula. nkhondo kunachitika sluggishly udindo, koma anali wamagazi kwambiri. Kupatulapo anali mwina yekha mu 1916, pamene lamulo Russian bungwe la zikuluzikulu tiponye South-Western Front. chochitika ziri zodziwika bwino mu mbiri ya usilikali ngati Brusilov zolawula.

General Brusilov, amene ulemu dzina lake ntchito asilikali, ntchito odabwitsa komanso zatsopano pa nthawi ya machenjerero yojambula. Mfundo zazikuluzo Unkandisokonezera chitetezo mdani ndi kuponya wamphamvu malangizo chachikulu ndi kuthandiza kunyanyala munthawi yomweyo malangizo ena. Choncho, nkhokwe ndi magulu adamwazika, mdani sanathe kusonyeza kuwawa, kutaya malo awo.

Ndipotu Brusilov zolawula anakhala gawo latsopano mu zochitika za luso la nkhondo.

Verkhovna mlingo mu 1916 anatengera zochita malinga ndi chithunzithunzi chonse ntchito ya usilikali, udindo waukulu amanyansidwa ndi kutenga Front Western, ndi thandizo la North. A South-Western Front, amene atsogozedwa ndi General Brusilov, anangokhala kudziteteza ndi zitisokoneze Adani. Komabe Brussilov panokha anaumirira upeleka m'ziwawa amanyansidwa a asilikali Russian kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo.

Kukonzekera nagonjetsa Brusilov zinachitikadi mosamala kwambiri ndipo mobisa wathunthu. Lamulo Austria ndi Hungary ambiri kudziwa zolinga za Entente, koma ali ndi olimba mtima kuti pambuyo pa opaleshoni analephera asilikali 1915 Russian sanayese n'komwe kachiwiri kuchita ntchito zolawula.

Panthawiyo, asilikali Russian anasonkhanidwa kuswa malo, asilikali anaphunzira kuthana ndi mavuto, zida zankhondo - kuphwanya chitetezo ndi zotchinga. Kwa miyezi ingapo, asilikali mu South-Western Front anali mochenjera m'magulumagulu kosaoneka ndi mdani.

M'mawa wa pa June 4, 1916, tsoka chifukwa asilikali Austria ndi Hungary. Iwo anadikira imfa khungu: volleys zikwi za mfuti inakhala kumene kuli malo yamalinga fumbi ndi phulusa. Kuukira a asilikali Russian analephera pa mfundo zonse BREAKOUT lapansi.

Russian zida zankhondo ndi oyenda anachita n'zosadabwitsa mogwirizana. Adzatsekeredwa yokutidwa ndi moto wa zida zankhondo awo, oyenda anasamukira ku nkhondo. Iwo anayenda mafunde atatu kapena anayi aliyense unyolo, pa mtunda wa mapazi 170-200 Chrixitu. kuukira anali "mpukutu".

Ambiri opaleshoni Army General Kaledin pa pambali mu chitsogozo cha Lutsk. mumzindawo Lutsk anatengedwa masiku ochepa pambuyo chiyambi cha zolawula, ndipo mdani ali anakankhira mmbuyo ndi makilomita 60 mu kuya, kuti Stokhid mtsinje.

Pa pambali yakumanzere ya General Lechitskogo asilikali anatha kupangitsa kuti makilomita 120, anawoloka Prut ndipo analanda Chernovtsy pa 18 June.

Pasanathe bwino anachita ndi General Army Sakharov, anakumana ndi kukana ouma ku Austria-Hungarians.

Brusilov yojambula anatanthauza tsoka kwa magulu a anapanga Alliance.

Kumanga bwino, anaganiza kusamutsa nkhonya waukulu Front Western ku South-West. Mlingo kwa nthawi yaitali chete, kuyembekezera mkulu wa Gulu Western wa Mphamvu, General Evert amapita ku kuukira yogwira. Komabe, iye sanayese n'komwe, ndipo mu theka lachiwiri la June kuti Brusylov malo asilikali anayamba kufika. Wapanikizidwa Supreme Lamulo, Evert anagwirizana nagonjetsa zinalephereka motsogozedwa Baranovichi.

Germany, Austria ndi Italy anayamba mopupuluma kukokera asilikali ake ku South-Western Front kuteteza Kovel pamalo abwino ofunika. Brusilov linakhazikitsa amanyansidwa watsopano pa Kovel ndi Brody, koma mdani woopsa kukana anali wokhoza kukhazika zinthu pa amadzibisa lapansi. Chakumapeto June, mu maudani kachiwiri tizigona.

Makamaka chifukwa cha kulephera kusankha zochita ndi wongokhala Zachikondi Brusilov yojambula sanalandire akule bwino ndi kupambana. Komabe, mwambo umenewu unathandiza kwambiri mu msonkhano mu 1916.

Loss wa asilikali Austria ndi Hungary anali pafupi wina ndi anthu miliyoni theka ndi 500 zikwi ku mbali Russian. Mkaidi anatengedwa 450 zikwi asilikali Austria ndi pafupifupi 10,000 alonda.

Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse kawirikawiri kubweretsa ngati mwayi Entente asilikali: iwo unagonjetsedwa lonse Bukovina ndi gawo la wina wotchedwa Galicia. Germany anakakamizika kusamutsa 16 magawano ku Western Front, ndi Austria onse anamutembenukira amanyansidwa zawo ku mbali ya Italy, kumasulira kwa wina wotchedwa Galicia 7 magawano. Turkey anayambitsa 2 magulu ake.

Brusilov yojambula ali anachititsanso chakuti Romania mu August 1916, anaganiza kuti atenge mbali ya Entente.

Choncho, mosasamala kanthu incompleteness ake onse, ichi ntchito wanzeru asilikali moyenerera analowa zana nkhondo kwambiri pa mbiri ya anthu.