Kuwukira Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow mu 1382 ndipo zotsatira zake

Izo kokha zaka ziwiri kuchokera chigonjetso cha ulemerero cha Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy pa magulu a Mamaia, ndipo anagwedeza dziko Russian ku mitundu ya ziboda za Chitata apakavalo. Tokhtamysh zoopsa nkhondo ya Moscow mu 1382 ndipo zotsatira zake akhala phunziro la mibadwo ambiri a mbiri, kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana kuyesera kuwaunikira zimayambitsa wosasangalala. Koma chinthu chimodzi akugwirizana - alephera nthawi imeneyi, akalonga a pachikhalidwe kusonyeza umodzi, umene wakhala chinsinsi kupambana kwawo pa Kulikovo kumunda.

The nomination chatsopano gulu Khan

Kumapeto kwa XIV m'ma mwa olamulira a Golden gulu anakhala makamaka pachimake yolimbirana mphamvu. Iye chinaonekera Tokhtamysh Khan amene chikoka anawonjezera kuti chifwike chisangalalo cha otchedwa White gulu, kapena monga momwe amadzitcha Chitata, dera limeneli limatchedwa-Orda. Mothandizidwa ndi amene angakuthandizeni ake Tamerlane mu 1379 anagwira likulu waukulu wa Chitata State - Saray al-Jadid - ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala wolamulira wa mayiko onse ili malire m'munsi mwa Don.

Nomination Tokhtamysh kwakukulukulu chinathandiza zolephera za odana waukulu, mthunzi mkulu wa gulu Mamaia anagonjetsa mu 1380 Dmitriem Donskim. Ignominiously akuthawa pambuyo linagonja, adathawira Crimea, kumene iye anayesa kusonkhanitsa mafupa a asilikali ake okhulupirika kwa ulendo watsopano pa Moscow. Koma izi zinali choncho. Tokhtamysh atapereka kutsutsana naye asilikali ake kwa nkhondo pa mtsinje Kalka.

Mamai ndi wokonzeka kulandira nkhondo, koma pa mphindi yotsiriza, anaperekedwa ndi zoyerekeza wake, ndi kuuponya peremetnuvshimisya kwa mdani. Iye anathawa kachiwiri. Panthawi imeneyi amayi nkati Cafu - ndi mudzi walinga mu Crimea, koma uko akhadikhira koma kuperekedwa wina. ogwirizana zakale ndi ambuye mzinda Genoese zachinyengo anamupha ndi achifwamba. Choncho ignominiously inatha njira yake kamodzi yoopsa ya Golden gulu.

Wamagazi kuwukira Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow

Pamene munthu zivute zitani anawazunza Chitata apakavalo pa dziko Russian, iwo nthawi anatenga magazi ndi zotentha, koma Khan Tohtamysh incursions awa omwe choopsa. Chitsanzo ndi zochitika zimene zinachitika mu August 1382. Iwo anayamba ndi chakuti mfumu yatsopano ya Golden gulu anatumiza kwa Prince wa Moscow nthumwi. Kudzera mwa iwo, adayamika wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy kwa chigonjetso anapambana iwo Mayi, iye anati - "zoipa ufumuyo Mphamvu", nawawuza kuti tsopano mu gulu Golden anayamba kulamulira izo - mbuye wake woyenerera wa mtundu Chingizids.

Koma izo zinali chabe oyamba, chinthu chachikulu chinali chakuti Khan adamfunsa malipiro zina za msonkho. Atakamba akazembe ndi, nthawi zina, iwo mowolowa manja mphatso Prince wotchedwa Dmitry anandiuza kupereka Khan zofuna zake zabwino, koma kukhoma msonkho anakana. Adamtsata posachedwapa kuwukira Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow anali chifukwa cha ntchito yake.

mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti ku Chitata Khan mu 1381 anapangidwa zambiri n'cholinga zoipazi zamtendere pa Prince wotchedwa Dmitry. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, adatuma ku Moscow ntchito yotsatira lotsogoledwa ndi kalonga dera limeneli limatchedwa-Hozem, limodzi ndi detachment amphamvu a asilikali. Koma pa zifukwa zosadziwika, iwo anafika ku likulu, motero nkhondo ya Khan Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow anali mapeto zosachita.

Kokayenda inayamba mu chikhalidwe mwachinsinsi

Kuyambira msonkhano mu 1382, mtsogoleri Chitata anasonyeza zapadera luso lake lolinganiza. Choyamba, anatenga njira Akubisa kwa mdani kayendedwe ka asilikali ake. Pofuna kupewa kutayikira pang'ono, Khan analamula Moscow amalonda onse amene anali pansi pa ulamuliro wake mu Kazan, kupha kapena kubisa mu ndende, ndi zombo zawo ntchito yonyamula asilikali banki lamanja la Volga.

Zilipo olembedwa mbiri nthawi amadziwika kuti khamu lake anasamukira kudya, koma mosamala pazipita - ". Popanda Uthenga patsogolo panga" Chifukwa kuwukira izi Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow anali anthu ake modzidzimutsa ndi mosatsata iwo akanatha kuti mosamala kukonzekera kuiganizira. Nthawi zonse, anadabwa kuukira kwathandiza kwambiri kuti tipambane milandu onse.

Kusakhulupirika kwa Ryazan kalonga

Ankasewera m'manja mwa Khan, ndi okhumudwa chifukwa chinthu Russian ndi Khalidwe la akalonga woukira boma mu zofuna za chitetezo chake ndi ubwino. Chidawoneka pa nthawi yonse ya Chitata Mongol goli, ndi imodzi mwa zitsanzo za ichi Tinadabwa kupanduka kwa Tokhtamysh Prince Olega Ryazanskogo. Iye osati anasonyeza kudzichepetsa pamaso Aisiraeli, komanso mwakufuna anaulula Ford yabwino kudutsa Oka Mtsinje. Pambuyo pake anapwetekedwa chifukwa cha izo pa manja a Tartars okha.

Amadziwika kuti njira zamtendere Tokhtamysh nkhondo ya Moscow ataletsa Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Konstantinovich wa Nizhny Novgorod. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iye anatumiza zokambirana ndi Khan za ana awo, koma iwo analephera kutsatira malangizo chabe chifukwa chakuti anakwanitsa andipeze ndi Chitata apakavalo adagwidwa liwiro zachilendo.

Komabe, ziribe kanthu momwe kuyesera ankhondowo, koma uthenga wa ulaliki wawo apabe Grand Duke. Wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, kukumbukira unanimity ndi zomwe akalonga a unit zaka ziwiri zapitazo kulimbana ndi magulu a Mamaia, anaika mu nthawi ino chiyembekezo thandizo lawo, koma miscalculated. Pamene nkhondo ya Moscow Tokhtamysh linaonekera, Prince sanali kupeza thandizo ku iwo ndi anakakamizika kupita mapangidwe asilikali pamoto, ndipo mnzake wapamtima Vladimir Andreevich Serpuhovskoy - mu Portage Lamsky.

Pa njira kwa Moscow

Kugwiritsa Ford ananena za iye Prince Oleg wa Ryazan, Tokhtamysh anawoloka Oka ndi wakubayu panjira Serpukhov, anatumiza asilikali ake kuti Moscow. Dera lonse pamene Aisiraeli onse, ndi yothandizira anapsa lapansi, kenako zaka akadali ambiri linada mapulusa a m'midzi, koma munali mafupa woyera mu udzu anasiya anthu unburied.

Popeza Grand Duke ku likulu, panali mantha, amene chikwiyire nkhondo Tokhtamysh Moscow. Komanso pali kanthawi anasonkhana ndi zinthu zawo zonse ambiri okhala m'midzi yapafupi, kuyembekezera kuzemba mdani wa pakhoma Kremlin. Chifukwa, zachiwawa kunabuka ndi looting, adzakhala zimawonjezera vuto kale pano.

Kumenyana gulu

Ena kuti akhoza kupanga newcomer mzinda wa Chilituyaniya kalonga Osteyu unachitika mu utumiki Russian. Pamene anasonkhana Komiti wowerengeka, anaganiza, palibe mmodzi wa Moscow ndi mphamvu zonse kulongosola yokonza ya chitetezo ya. Kalonga ngati munthu wankhondo, anatsogolera ntchito yokhudzana ndi unsembe pa makoma a nyumba zodzitetezera pa utomoni preform, phula miyala, zimene zakhala zinachitikira akanthe kuukira adani mutu. Iye analamula mabusa onse chitapsya kuzungulira mzindawo. Izi muyeso analanda mdani wa mfundo kuzinga ndi pogona.

Maonekedwe a mdani pansi makoma a mzindawo

Mosalephera ngati mwala imene yatsala kuwukira Tokhtamysh Moscow. Tsiku August 23, 1382 anakhala tsiku wakuda m'mbiri ya Russia. mmawa uno anapita ku boma la Russia khoma vanguard wa Chitata. Gulu sanali kuyenda yogwira, ndi kuphunzira kuti Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy m'tawuni, wayendetsa kamtunda pokonzekera mphamvu zazikulu. Koma maonekedwe awo anali kuchititsa ena wovulala maganizo pakati Muscovites.

Mogwirizana ndi m'nthawi yake, kuthetsa, anthu ayamba njira anayesera - ambiri kuledzera. Pakuti anayamba m'chipinda chapansi nyumba wolemera adagulung'undisa kegs ndi uchi ndi Braga, kenako ataledzera kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu. Mu njira yomweyo ataledzera anakwera mpanda wa boma la Russia ndi kumeneko anaopseza Chitata, kuwapatsa mu vuto limeneli wosimidwa.

Kuyesa kuti akanthe, wosweka kutali Muscovites

Kuwukira Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow akhoza mwachidule, fotokozani zimene zikuchitika masiku anayi - kuchokera 23 mpaka 26 August. Ngati tsiku loyamba la m'tauni anawona Chitata vanguard, ndiye mmawa wotsatira malinga a likulu patsogolo pa mphamvu zazikulu za mdani, kutsogozedwa ndi Khan. Gulu anapezerapo kuukira koma amanyansidwa ndi zokometsera mzindawo ndi anabwerera ndi zomvetsa lolemera. Sindinaibweretse iwo bwino, ndi kuukira pa August 25. Pansi matalala a mivi, madzi mpanda wa yamvumbi madzi otentha ndi phula la moto, alendo sanatiitane anakakamizika kusamukanso.

Zichiwembu ndi kuperekedwa kwa amwenye anzawo

Zikanakhala anawasiya kanthu, ngati osati chifukwa kuchenjerera awo Asian ndi kuperekedwa wonyenga wa akalonga achinyamata Suzdal. Pozindikira kuti Muscovites mphamvu Musagonje, Tokhtamysh anatumiza kwa mpanda wa mzinda la abale ochokera ku gulu wolemekezeka komanso ana ake aamuna awiri Suzdal kalonga - Vasily ndi Semyon, anthu amene anali pa chiyambi cha msonkhano anatumiza kwa atate wake kudzagwira ntchito zamtendere, koma chete, ndipo kenako ndinalowa anamuperekeza Khan. Anali chidaliro wapadera wa Muscovites, ngati muli abale Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy mkazi - Evdokia.

Pa kudalira ndipo ankaimba Tokhtamysh. M'malo mwa abale dziwani nzika kuti gulu mulibe chidani kwa iwo, ndipo iwo anabwera kuthana ndi chimodzi chokha Prince wotchedwa Dmitry. Popeza kuti si mu mzinda, ali okonzeka kusiya, malinga alendo, kutsegula chipata adzapita kwa Khan ulemu ndi mphatso. Han sanali kuvutitsa aliyense, ndipo pamene adawona mudzi, amene adamva kwambiri, angawatsogolere kuchokera asilikali ake. mawu ake anatsimikizira mwa lumbiro.

Nkhondo ya gulu kuti Moscow

Ngati nzika amva pa milomo ya anthu achilendo, mwina akanati adakayika. Koma nthawi yomweyo nawo tinalankhula muno, kupatula abale a Grand Duke, ndipo adakhulupirira kukomeza. Kremlin zipata adatseguka, ndipo anaonekera chionetsero cha anthu likulu, kutsogozedwa ndi Prince OST ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. M'kamphindi iwo anali onse anadula ambwandile mbali zonse mwa Chitata.

Kuthyola ndi mosadziteteza pa mzinda, gulu anayamba abe ndi kuwotcha chilichonse chimene chimabwera njira yake. Iwo kumanyoza kufotokoza gehena kuti iwo anapanga khoma Kremlin. Oona za mbiri apeza kuti tsiku akuvutika chifukwa cha phwando ili wamagazi anayamba anthu 24 000. Kuyambira mu zaka izi anthu a Moscow ndi 40 000 anthu, likukhalira kuti pa August 26, kupha oposa theka la anthu a likulu. Komanso, kupanga Khan anali nambala yaikulu akaidi anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo.

Kuwukira Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow mu 1382 ndipo zotsatira zake zinali chitsanzo cha zotsatira za kugawikana wa boma, kupanda umodzi lonyansa ngozi chiopsezo ku chinyengo mkati. M'masiku amenewo, pamene Muscovites anamenyana pa khoma Kremlin ndipo anafa, poona muno chinyengo, Grand Duke ndi mkazi wake Evdokia ili mu Kostroma. Iwo nayesa kukakamiza akalonga, kachiwiri, zaka ziwiri zapitazo, kuti agwirizane mphamvu ndi kuteteza kuwukira Tokhtamysh Moscow.

Chaka lalikulu Russian chisoni

Tsiku lotsatira, sated ndi magazi a anthu osalakwa ndi otyagchonnye olemera zofunkha, ndi Chitata anasiya malire mzinda. Koma asanabwerere chiguluchi, iwo anali m'magulu angapo mwayekha, pa yomweyo wogonjetsa chadzaoneni Vladimir, Zvenigorod, Mozhaisk ndi St. George. Palibe chodabwitsa 1382 analowa mbiri ya Russia monga mmodzi wa nkhani zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri yake. Zikwizikwi akufa ndi akapolo - kuti ndi chifukwa chake.

Chitata kokha nawo nkhondo yoopsa kumbuyo, kuyesera kuukira Portage Lamsky. Apa apakavalo awo anaimitsidwa Serpukhov kalonga mopupuluma anatha kusonkhanitsa asilikali. Kuweta yomweyo mphamvu Chitata lotsogoleredwa ndi Khan pamene ndimabwerera, ngakhale lonjezo anagonjetsa dziko wompereka Oleg Ryazansky, ndege anathawa kunkhondo.

Choncho itatha nkhondo Tokhtamysh Moscow. zotsatira zake ndi wachisoni kwambiri. Anakhumudwitsa zomvetsa yaikulu zachuma ndi miyoyo anthu pakupereka, Russia anatsala mu kudalira ndale pa Golden gulu khans. Kupewa kuphana zina, wotchedwa Dmitry kalonga anakakamizika kupitiriza kulipira msonkho ndi kulipira Tokhtamysh zaka ziwiri pambuyo chigonjetso pa Kulikovo kumunda. Iye ndi olamulira pambuyo analamulira zigawo zawo kokha pamaziko a zolemba opangidwa mu Golden gulu. Pamaso pa chiwonongeko cha Mongol-Chitata goli anali akadali zaka.