Luso la Mbiri ndi Culture wa Karelia. achikumbutso Petrozavodsk

Russian kumpoto akadali amasunga mu nyumba zake zakale zipsera maziko ndi miyambo. M'nkhani ino tikambirana ena mwa manda a mbiri komanso chikhalidwe cha Karelia. Izi si chidwi kokha komanso nkhani.

Mwachidule za Karelia

The Republic of Karelia, mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala zimene zimachititsa zikwi la alendo chaka, ndi amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri kuphunzira ndi zosangalatsa.

Dera limeneli lili kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa Russia ndi chotchuka osati chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake, komanso maofesi a kamangidwe, mchitidwe umenewu ndi curiosities ena choyambirira chikhalidwe kumpoto.

Komanso, tili ndi inu timudziwe bwino atatu chidwi zakale chilumba. Komanso, tidzakhala kukacheza ndi malo kwambiri likulu la Republic - mzinda wa Petrozavodsk.

Balamu

Russian North ndimachita chidwi ndi m'maganizo awo. Luso la Mbiri ndi Culture wa Karelia ali makamaka umaimiridwa ndi maofesi a kamangidwe kake. Mmodzi wa iwo ili pa zilumba za Valaam zilumba.

Chinthu choyamba chimene amakopeka ooneka m'dziko, iyi ndi chibadwa. Nzosadabwitsa mitunda m'dera moyo imeneyi ndi nchito za ophunzirawo wa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. Ena mwa iwo ngati olemba wodziwika bwino Shishkin, Gines, Vasiliev ndi ena.

Pazilumba za m'nthawi chakhumi anayamba kukhazikika Orthodox Chimonko. Pang'onopang'ono izo zakhala analenga lonse osiyanasiyana a zomangamanga zidzasintha. gulu loyimba Izi chidwi ndi chisomo chake wowuma ndi bwino zinapatsira ndi woona "mzimu Russian".

nyumba Local zinawonongedwa kangapo. Choyamba anatentha asilikali a Sweden m'zaka za m'ma 17. Kamodzi, pakati pa 18 ndi, adaonongedwa ndi moto. Koma izi ndekuti moyo m'deralo. Chimonko Khama onse nachiritsidwa, lero amonke sichidzathera Timasangalalanso alendo ndi wogonera.

Wokwanira kuti pa Valaam zilumba mu m'ma 19, anakula mavwende popanda greenhouses. Izi ndi proviso kuti malo a pachilumbachi wapangidwa makamaka miyala ndi miyala. Amonke apa kuti anatha kulenga wosanjikiza lachonde onyamula chabe lapansi pang'ono kuchokera kumtunda.

Maziko a pa gulu loyimba mapulani ndi: Chiwalitsiro Cathedral ndi makumbi, Petro ndi Paulo, mpingo wa Mfundo za Utatu Woyera.
Komanso, mu 19 m'ma pabwalo banja, pamene pali Map, nsomba ndi mkaka munda unakhazikitsidwa, madzi.

Kizhi

Ponena zipilala mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe cha Karelia, sitingathe kuphonya State zakale-mapulani ndi Ethnographic Museum-Reserve. Pa Kizhi chilumba lero ndi dziko mbiri cholowa - ndi gulu loyimba a zomangamanga matabwa.

Kuwonjezera nyumba sacral, pali zilipodi ndipo mudzi zogona. Ndipo kuyambira cha m'ma 20 m'zaka za chilumba anayamba kubweretsa nyumba zawo matabwa amene ali ndi zothandiza kudziwa mbiri yakale. Tsopano Kizhi ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi Russia yaikulu wapoyera.

zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ake Mwachitsanzo chikhalidwe, mbiri, miyambo ndi ntchito zamanja lonse Karelia. Makamaka, mungapeze zinthu Russian banja, Karelian ndi Vepsian chuma amene ali zaka oposa mazana atatu.

Kumayambiriro a zaka za m'ma 18 kuno inamangidwa Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro, imene domes makumi awiri inaimika. Ndipo zopereka yomanga ake anasonkhana mothandizidwa ndi anthu a m'deralo. ogula olemera iye anali.
Pambuyo pake kwa gulu loyimba, ndi tchalitchi ndi belu nsanja zinamangidwa. Akukhulupirira kuti zovuta umenewu umatanthauza chilengedwe kapangidwe kake.

Mwa malo muli pa makumi nyumba, mazana asanu mafano, oposa 30,000 ethnographic zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngati chilumba zimatetezedwa ku pamwamba. Pa zana zapitazo awiri ndi theka, pamene dziko bingu zisinthe nkhondoyi, iye sanali pansi kuukira iliyonse. Ngakhale Chifinishi woyendetsa, anapatsidwa ntchito kuti bomba malo awa, kodi si kukwaniritsa kuti chifukwa anagwidwa ndi kukongola kwa nyumba.

Solovetsky Islands

Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo yathu yotsatira chidwi wa dera Arkhangelsk. Ndipo manda mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe cha Karelia kuti ali okha chifukwa cha malo ake. Chilumba cha Valaam, Kizhi, Solovki m'gulu limodzi nyimbo wathunthu.

zilumba zimenezi otchuka osati kwa nyumba zake mpingo. Panali wapadera cholinga msasa, komanso kundende, akaphunzire sukulu. The linga, anamanga m'zaka za m'ma 16, natsutsana sieges angapo armadas yachilendo, makamaka Swedish apanyanja.

Mwa malo ndi zodabwitsa birch. Mtengo umene unakula nthambi awiri ku mbali zosiyana za thunthu pa mlingo woyenerera. Ndipotu, izo zimapanga mtanda, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mwachibadwa. Amonke kuti anali Ambuye anamuukitsa mu chikumbukiro ofera onse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zimenezi zinachitika pamene boma linaletsa kuwonetsera kwa zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo.

The zilumba tichipeza zilumba zingapo, monga Large ndi Small Zayatsky Zayatsky, Anzersky, Muksalma ndi ena. Kuwonjezera obisika, iwo ali mchipululu ndi mchitidwe umenewu. zovuta izi zonse kamangidwe kuyambira 1992 ndi pansi UNESCO chitetezo.

Mpingo wa Karelia

Kukambirana zipilala la Republic of Karelia, makamaka wokwanira amasiya pa mipingo yake, mchitidwe umenewu ndi akachisi. Pocheza aliyense wa nyumba awa, zikuwoneka kuti pali kukhudzana ndi chofunikira kwambiri cha Russian Orthodox.

Poyamba, ife kale mwachidule bwino maofesi zidzasintha pa Solovetsky Islands, Valaam ndi Kizhi. Ndi zipilala zonsezi kuposa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe mtengo sizingatheke tikhalebe yosayatsa madera ambiri amene kuchilingalira.

Izi makamaka mipingo ndi matchalitchi m'midzi ndi pa zilumba za dera wodala. Mwachitsanzo, kumanga Olonets, Kemi, Povenets, Vygozero ndi kwina.

Kukambirana manda a Karelia (ena zithunzi amaoneka m'nkhani), sikutheka kunyalanyaza likulu la Republic - Petrozavodsk. Ichi chidzakhala siteji yotsatira ulendo wathu pang'ono.

Museum of Wabwino Tirhana ku Petrozavodsk

Idamangidwa pa nyumba ya masewera olimbitsa thupi kale mu 1960. Pakali pano, kufotokoza ake okwana zinthu za 12 chikwi, ndi thumba laibulale - oposa 17 zikwi zikalata.

zitsanzo za Karelian iconography ndi luso pachionetsero pano, komanso zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho luso Russian m'zaka za m'ma XVIII masiku ano.

M'zipinda ozizira cha nyumbayi mutha kuona zithunzi Segozero ambuye Zaonezhye ndi Olonets dera, amene amapanga kalembedwe wapadera wa gululo. The kulongosola Tirhana na Timatheriyali zikuphatikizapo dziko zovala, ziwiya, kusema ndi chosema pa mkuwa ndi birch khungwa.

The Museum National

Bungweli anakhazikitsidwa mu 1871 ndipo ili mu nyumba bwanamkubwa wakale wa. Ndipotu, munthu wina mbiri owonetsera zakale.

Nawa padzuwa la nyama ndi zomera za Karelia, zokumbidwa pansi, komanso magazini, kuganizira mbiri ya Republic.

Mudzaona ziboliboli zamatsenga ndi ziwiya ku Oleny Ostrov pansi m'manda. Dipatimenti mbiri adzatha muphunzira za m'mene zinatenga malo Petrovskaya Sloboda kukhala Petrozavodsk. Palinso holo yaikulu odzipereka kwa yakale likulu, amene ali otchuka osati kwa makampani ake ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi.

Kenako ife tione zipilala Petrozavodsk. Onse a iwo sangakhoze anafotokoza, ife ogwira pa wotchuka kwambiri.

Luso ndi zikumbutso mu Petrozavodsk

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi fano la Peter 1 mu Petrozavodsk. Linamangidwa mu zaka 1872-1873 kwa chikumbutso 200th wa kubadwa a mfumu. The chipilala pokumbukira autocrat nyota m'mphepete izi. Ngati osati kusankha Peter shipbuilding kuyamba pano, amene akudziwa zomwe akanati lero ukufanizidwa Karelia.

Kenako, tiyenera kutchula chipilala kuti Lenin mu Petrozavodsk. Iye ali ndi nkhani yosangalatsa. Mu 1930, mapulani ndi Manizer Ilyin kulenga Karprofsoveta dongosolo lake. Yomanga 14 midadada ya lubwe, ncho akaidi Gulag, ndi Goltzes chilumba unaperekedwa. Pa ntchito (1941-1944 gg.) Asilikali Chifinishi ankaiphwasula chipilala ndipo anaika mbali ya mbali. Mu malo ake anali kuika howitzer.

Koma pambuyo chigonjetso mu 1945, chipilala nachiritsidwa, ndi ntchito kubwezeretsa anatsogolera Manizer chomwecho.

Kupatula izi awiri zipilala chosaiwalika, Petrozavodsk zambiri mfundo zambiri mbiri.

chosema Park

Onega embankment, kupyolera pamaso zidzasintha, chimayamba ndi izo, mu XIX atumwi, wakhala amakonda malo ojambula zithunzi. Chiyambi cha nyumbayi ili mowiriza pansi kumwamba anaika chipilala kuti Peter Wamkulu.

Pambuyo inamangidwa ziboliboli zambiri monga "Kubadwa kwa Petrozavodsk", "Umunyengerere chuma", "Mgwirizano", "Msonkhano Place", ndi "Sindikizani nthawi", "Asodzi" ndi zina zotero.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri mwa misewu imeneyi anali kupatsidwa ndi ojambula zithunzi kuchokera m'mizinda mlongo wa Petrozavodsk. Ena mwa iwo ndi midzi monga Duluth mu US, Muiran mu Norway, La Rochelle mu France, ndi ena ambiri.