Ndi njira ya moyo wozingidwa ndi nkhondo Leningrad chiyani?

Transport njira, kumene kunachitika panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri kudutsa Nyanja Ladoga, moyenerera amatchedwa Road wa Moyo. Kuyambira mu chaka cha 1941 ndi chisanu cha 1943 zinali pafupifupi njira yokha mu wozingidwa ndi nkhondo Leningrad, amene ali amasowa lalifupi katundu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zimene msewu wa moyo, adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

Yambani anatseka misewu

The anatseka misewu ya ngwazi mzinda wa Leningrad anayamba September 8, 1941, pamene asilikali a ku Germany kuti anatseka lazungulira potenga Shlisselburg. Ndi kupyolera mu mzinda Izi zinachitika njira otsiriza kuti chikugwirizana Leningrad ndi Soviet Union. Choncho, chiyembekezo otsiriza kupulumutsa anthu ku njala tabadwa chisanu ndi ayezi nyanja ya Ladoga.

The makontena woyamba wa akufa ndi njala

Tikumbukenso kuti posungira anali ndi zovuta zinthu navigation, ndi mwa kundipatsako maulendo onse adamangidwa anyalanyaza Nyanja Ladoga. M'mphepete mwa nyanja izo sizinali okonzeka ndi pasitima ya panyanja kapena doko. Koma sindinasiye lamulo kuyamba makontena chakudya mu September. Njira Road wa Moyo unachitikira ku Volkhov mu Novaya Ladoga , kenako kupyolera mwa madzi Osinovets nyumba. M'ma September kuno woyamba mabwato awiri pa adzikometsa kumene anali matani oposa 700 tirigu ndi ufa. Kuyambira pamenepo, tsiku la September 12 ndi tsiku pamene ndinayamba kugwira ntchito Ladoga msewu wa moyo. Pang'ono kutha 1941 m'tauni osauka anaperekedwa 60 chikwi. Matani zosiyanasiyana katundu ndi 33,5 anasamutsidwa zikwi za anthu. Chifukwa cha katundu onse amadutsa mwa msewu wa moyo wakhala chakudya, chakudya, mafuta ndi zipolopolo. Various zochitika amunamuna wolemera Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, kuzinga Leningrad ndi zida Road wa Moyo, mwina - imodzi yofunika kwambiri.

kasupe

Chakudya, mankhwala ndi zida zikusowa. Vuto linali kusankha njira ya moyo (pa ayezi m'kupita). Chakumapeto November, Soviet nzeru anali kufufuza okwana nyanja ndi msewu m'tsogolo, ndi pa November 20 ayezi ndi Vaganova Leningrad mbadwa sitimayo poyamba, yemwe ankapita ndi msilikali M. Moores. 350 sled matani 63 a ufa zinatumizidwa. Kale m'mawa pa November 21 convoy anafika ku powonekera, amene adzayesedwa wolungama ndi ntchito ndipo anapereka malangizo omveka bwino kumvetsa zimene ali panjira ya moyo kupereka Leningrad.

Tsiku lotsatira mu mzinda oletsedwa 60 magalimoto akatundu GAZ-AA ( "polutorok") unatumizidwa, analamula Captain B. kayendedwe Porchunov. Msewu wa moyo mu ntchito nkhondo pa mphamvu zonse, okha yozizira woyamba matani 360 zikwi Katundu anali kusamutsidwa, amene 260 zikwi - .. chakudya. Cars, kubwerera ku Chile, yesetsani mu thupi lake anthu a mumzindawo, anasamutsidwa mu chaka choyamba cha anatseka misewu mozungulira 550 zikwi. Man. Chifukwa cha mayendedwe mwadongosolo koma chakudya mu Leningrad chinawonjezeka ndi anthu anakhala zochepa njala.

Mbali latsopano la chakudya

Siteji yotsatira navigation on Lake Ladoga anayamba kumapeto May 1942, sitima katundu kusamutsidwa malangizo onse oposa 1 miliyoni a katundu, chimene 700 zikwi. Anali mu Leningrad. Kumtunda anasamutsidwa 445 zikwi. Anthu anthu wamba. Motsogozedwa n'zosiyana kutsogolo adaperekedwa kwa pafupifupi 300 zikwi. Usilikali.

42 yotentha kunapangitsa kuti amange payipi pamodzi pansi pa Nyanja ya Ladoga, amene analola mzinda kupereka mafuta, ndi chingwe cha kupereka mphamvu ya magetsi kuti ndi Volkhov opangira magetsi siteshoni.

Popeza m'ma December 1942 mpaka March 1943 tsopano anayamba kuchita zinthu ngati kale kukhala lodziwika bwino msewu wa moyo. Nthawi imeneyi, wakhala amadutsa oposa 200 zikwi za cargoes zosiyanasiyana ndipo inanyamula 100 zikwi. Man.

January 18, zolinga 1943, Red Army anachira kuyambira mdani Shlisselburg, ndi anatseka misewu ya Leningrad anali wosweka. Pomwepo zitachitika izi, izo, nayikidwa sitima, yemwe ankapita pa mizinda yonse ya Georgia popanda vuto. Kenako msewu uwu dzina lake Chigonjetso Road. Koma, ngakhale, njira Ladoga anapitiriza ntchito mpaka zochotsa chomaliza cha mzindawo, mpaka January 1944.

Kufotokozera za njira

Kuti muyankhe funso ili: "Kodi Moyo" - N'zosatheka kufotokoza bwino njira yake. Iwo anayamba pa siteshoni Chifinishi sitima ndi dziko chalitsatira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Ladoga, kenako mwachindunji pa nyanja mazira. Pankhaniyi, waukulu wopita Road wa Moyo zinachitika makilomita 25 zokha kuchokera malo mdani pa gombe, kuchokera pamene moto kusuntha ngolo. Madalaivala yodzaza zoyendera zonse anaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe, ikuyenda pansi moto kuchokera zida zankhondo German ndi mphamvu mpweya kungapangitse kuti akugwa pansi pa nyanja ayezi. Koma, ngakhale kuti onse panjira tsiku lililonse akuthamanga kuchokera matani asanu ndi atatu a cargoes zosiyanasiyana.

Pa ntchito, msewu lodziwika bwino anakhazikitsidwa mfundo chidwi: choipa kuposa kuchita masewera olimbitsa kayendedwe pa ayezi - osati anawazunza ndi zoponya mabomba German, ndi kayendedwe ka liwiro resonant. Mmalo awa, galimoto aliyense anapita pansi ayezi kumene maola ochepa kale unachitikira tyazhelogruzheny convoy. Choncho, liwiro kuyenda m'dera lililonse la nyanja ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza.

Tsoka zina za Road wa Moyo

Monga mukudziwa, m'chaka cha 1943, pamene mphete anatseka misewu ya Leningrad linathyoka, msewu wa moyo m'malo mwa latsopano Chigonjetso Road, omwe anali malire a nthambi Volkhov kuti Leningrad. Koma chakudya yozizira mu mzinda umaperekedwa ndi njira yakale - kudutsa Nyanja Ladoga.

WWII Leningrad anatseka misewu makamaka zitsanzo yaikulu weniweni wakutemwa mzimu ndi durability. Anthu ambiri osati anagonja kwa mdani, ndipo zikatero mavuto onse ndi mavuto a zaka nkhondo. ndi njira ya moyo? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa anamanganso anthu ambiri Soviet zaka nkhondo.