Ntchito ya nkhondo mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Chithunzi cha nkhondo mu buku la Ln Tolstoy a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"

Ganizo buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Tolstoy anatuluka mwamsanga 1856. Pangani ntchito kuchokera 1863 mpaka 1869.

Kuchitiridwa Napoleon mu 1812 - chochitika chachikulu cha mbiri ya m'zaka za m'ma 19. Ntchito ya nkhondo mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" zinali zofunika kwambiri. Nthanthi ndinaganiza Lva Tolstogo chinali kukuchitika chifukwa chifaniziro chake. The zikuchokera Nkhondo buku ali pakati penipeni. Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich zikugwirizana tsoka ambiri otchulidwa wake anali naye. nkhondo inayamba mu mbiri zawo siteji yokhala mfundo mkulu mwauzimu. Koma si ndi chimake cha mizere onse nkhani ntchito, komanso nkhani zakale zomwe anawulula tsogolo la anthu a dziko lathu. Ntchito ya nkhondo mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Nkhondo - mayeso ikuchitika osati ndi malamulo

Iwo wakhala zovuta kwa anthu Russian. Lvom Nikolaevichem kukonda dziko lako nkhondo amaonedwa monga zinachitikira moyo vnesoslovnogo umodzi wa anthu. Izo zinachitika pa sikelo ya mtundu chifukwa cha chidwi anthu. Kutanthauzira wolemba dziko la Nkhondo ya 1812. Iwo unayamba ndi moto mu mzinda Smolensk ndi pansi miyambo iliyonse ya nkhondo loyamba siyabwino, monga ananenera Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich. Kuyatsa m'midzi ndi m'matauni ndi mthunzi pambuyo nkhondo zambiri, kutentha Moscow, Borodin kuwomba, kugwira looters, nkhondo zigawenga, pereimka zoyendera - anali kuchoka Choonekera kuchokera kwa malamulo. Kuyambira masewera andale inkaimbidwa mu Europe anali Napoleon ndi Alexander Ine, nkhondo ya pakati Russia ndi France lasanduka otchuka, yomwe zotsatira za tsogolo la dziko asangalale. Apamwamba akuluakulu a asilikali pa nthawi yomweyo analephera kuwayang'anira udindo wa mbali: makhalidwe ake ndi malamulo mulibe zogwirizana ndi boma lenileni la zochitika osati anachita.

The chododometsa a nkhondo ndi chitsanzo mbiri

The chododometsa chachikulu cha nkhondo, Tolstoy ataona kuti asilikali Napoleon, ndi popindula pafupifupi nkhondo, mapeto anataya msonkhano anakomoka popanda ntchito kwambiri ndi asilikali Russian. The zili buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" akusonyeza kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa French - chiwonetsero cha malamulo a mbiri. Ngakhale koyamba kungakhale kuphunzitsa lingaliro lakuti chimene chinachitika ndi zopanda nzeru.

Udindo wa Nkhondo ya Borodino

Makanema ambiri a buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la ntchito ya usilikali. Choncho Tolstoy akuyesera recreate chithunzi zolondola. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa zofunika kwambiri ya nkhondo yachiwiri - ndi, ndithudi, Nkhondo ya Borodino. Iwo sichinali chomveka kaya Russian kapena French mawu a strategy. Tolstoy, kukangana kuti malo yake, analemba kuti Zitangotero kukhala ndi kunali kwa anthu a dziko lathu kuti Russia mosasamala pafupi kwambiri ndi imfa Moscow. The French pafupifupi kuwonongedwa khamu lake lonse. Tolstoy motsindika kuti Napoleon ndi Kutuzov, ndikutenga ndi kupereka nkhondo ya Borodino, anadza osathandiza, involuntarily kugonjera pa yemweyo kufunikira mbiri. Zotsatira za nkhondo imeneyi inali mwachisawawa kuthawa Moscow ankhondowo, kubwerera kwa Smolensk msewu, imfa Nkhondoyo Napoleon ya France ndi mazana asanu masauzande, kumene pa Borodino anali woyamba nayikapo dzanja la mdani, mzimu wamphamvu. Nkhondoyi kotero, ngakhale zosamveka pamaso pa pomenya nkhondo, anali chiwonetsero cha malamulo inexorable wa mbiri. Zinali mosalephera.

kusiya Moscow

Kusiya okhala Moscow - kumasonyeza wakutemwa nzika anzathu. chochitika, malinga Tolstoy ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa mthunzi ku Moscow, asilikali a Russia. Titha ndi chochitika poyera chikumbumtima boma. Anthu safuna kuti lizilamuliridwa ndi mgonjetsi, ali wokonzeka kutaya chilichonse. M'mizinda yonse ya Russia, ndipo osati Moscow, anthu anasiya nyumba zawo, anatentha mzindawu kuwononga katundu wawo. asilikali Napoleon anali anakumana ndi zodabwitsazi yekha m'dziko lathu. Anthu a mizinda ina anagonjetsa maiko ena onse ndinangokhala pansi pa mphamvu ya Napoleon, nthawi yomweyo ngakhale phwando agonjetsi.

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu anaganiza zochoka ku Moscow?

Leo anatsindika kuti Moscow anthu likulu kumanzere zokha. kunyada National anatakasa anthu, osati Rostopchin ndi wake kukonda dziko lako "tchipisi." Woyambirira anasiya likulu ophunzira, anthu olemera amene ankadziwa bwino kuti Berlin ndi Vienna anakhalabe bwinobwino, ndi kuti anthu pa ntchito a mzinda ndi Napoleon nthaŵi kusangalala ndi French, amene anakonda pamene amuna Russian ndi kumene, akazi. Iwo sakanakhoza kuchita ayi, chifukwa kulibe chifukwa muno funso wathu wa kuipa kapena zabwino chifuniro mu Moscow pansi pa ulamuliro wa French. Zinali zosatheka kukhala mu mphamvu ya Napoleon. Zinali chabe zosavomerezeka.

Features wa gulu la zigaŵenga

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nkhondo ndi Napoleon anali zikuluzikulu zigawenga kuyenda. Lev wake Tolstoy limati ndi "kalabu ya nkhondo anthu." Mdani mtundu kumenya mosalingalira, ngati galu mwankhanza kuluma kwa imfa zabegluyu galu (tikayerekezera Leo Tolstoy). Anthu anawononga asilikali piecemeal kwambiri. Tolstoy analemba za kuli osiyana "maphwando" (magulu zigawenga) amene yekha cholinga - anamuponya kunja kwa dziko Russian ndi French.

Popanda kuganizira za "njira ya malonda", ophunzira intuitively Anthu a nkhondo achita zimenezi monga kufunikira mbiri chinachititsa. Cholinga chenicheni anathamangitsa ndi magulu zigawenga, sanali kwathunthu kuwononga lankhondo la adani kapena kukakwera Napoleon. Monga figment a mbiri yakale amene amaphunzira makalata a asilikali ndi akalonga, ndi malipoti, communiqués zochitika za nthawi, malinga Tolstoy, panali nkhondo. Cholinga cha "kuchepetsa" inali ntchito iliyonse patriot bwino - bwino ku nkhondo ya dziko lawo.

Chiŵerengero Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo nkhondo

Tolstoy, kulungamitsa nkhondo ya anthu kumasulidwa ku 1812, natsutsa nkhondo monga. Iye amanena monga zosemphana ndi chikhalidwe chonse cha munthu, chifukwa chake. nkhondo ndi chotsutsana anthu onse. Madzulo a Nkhondo ya Borodino Andrey Bolkonsky anali wokonzeka kufera dziko lawo, koma nthawi yomweyo natsutsa nkhondo, kukhulupirira kuti "chinthu chonyansa." Izi kupha wopusa. Ntchito ya nkhondo mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" kutsimikizira izo.

The zoopsa za kunkhondo

M'chifanizo cha Tolstoy 1812 - mayeso mbiri imene anthu Russian monyadira anayima. Komabe, izi pa yomweyo chisoni, tinkadziwa kuti awonongedwe anthu. Makhalidwe ndi thupi mavuto zimene anthu - ndi "Kuchimwira" ndi "ufulu" ndipo anthu wamba ndipo asilikali. Pakutha nkhondo si mwangozi kubwezera chipongwe ndi m'malo mwa ankasewera Russian chisoni ndi kunyoza mdani wogonjetsedwa. Ndi tsogolo la zilembo anasonyeza wodyerana khalidwe la zochitika za nthawi imeneyo. Peter anamwalira ndipo Prince Andrew. Anasiya imfa ya mwana wamng'ono wa wotchuka Rostova ndipo inapita kutha kwa Chiwerengero Ilya Andreyevich.

Ichi ndi mbali ya nkhondo mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Tolstoy ngati zaumunthu kwambiri, ndithudi, sanathe okha makani kukonda dziko lako mu fano lake. Iye amadana ndi nkhondo, zimene Mwachibadwa, ngati yodziwa ntchito zake zina. Mbali yaikulu ya buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi khalidwe la ntchito ya wolemba izi.