Woyamba malamulo. Sudebnik Ivan 4

Tsar Ivan IV wa, kaphatikizidwe anthu okhulupirika, anapanga boma latsopano. Iwo ankatchedwa "Anasankha nazo." Monga mbali ya boma limeneli panali ena akale Moscow boyars ndi olemekezeka, akuonetsa chidwi ndi kuwuka kwa Moscow.

Activities "osankhidwa osangalala"

ndondomeko boma latsopano anali umalimbana kwenikweni centralization a boma, ndi conciliation wa zofuna za boyars, abusa ndi anthu otchuka. Kumayambiriro a 1549 mu boma la Russia Palace, asonkhane oimira magulu chapamwamba cha anthu. Pa "Cathedral wa chiyanjanitso" mfumuyo inapanga kulankhula kwa milandu ndi boyars lapansi. Ivan IV ananena kuti oimira magulu chapamwamba Akuonongabe malo awo, ndipo anawalimbikitsa kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zawo polimbikitsa Russia. misonkhano otsatirawa zoyenera zinthu zofunika za boma. Mu Russia pa nthawi imeneyo anapanga Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira-nthumwi mawonekedwe mafumu.

Sudebnik Ivan 4

Chikalata ichi chinakhala chipilala chilamulo Russian choyamba mu mbiri ya Russia normative kuchita malamulo. Ivan 4 Chilamulo Analeredwa poyamba Zemsky Sobor mu 1549. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu 1551-m, chikalata ovomerezeka Stoglavy Cathedral, msonkhano pa kanthu mfumu. mchitidwe malamulo anali, onse, lathu ovomereza a boma. Kukhazikitsidwa Sudebnik Ivan 4 m'gulu kuwonongedwa kwa maudindo ena a akalonga ndi kulimbikitsa udindo wa boma chapakati milandu ya boma. Chikalatachi wakhala anasonkhana nkhani zana.

Sudebnik Ivan 4. zinthunzi: Mukafuna Makonsolo

Activities volosteley ndi akazembe waikidwa mu chimango ena: choncho "kapolo achifwamba" anatitumiza kwa akulu labial. Popeza kusintha kukodzedwa malire kuti poyamba yekha kuphimba zigawo kumpoto. Sudebnik Ivan 4 mwalamulo wolungama kusintha. Volosteli, abwanamkubwa ndi abwanamkubwa ena, woikidwa ndi mfumu pamalopo, sanathe kulimbana ndi milandu popanda nawo oimira anthu. Anasankhidwa anthu abwino kuchokera wamba polojekitiyo Mtsogoleriyu ndi Dvorsky. Kupatula izi, aliyense m'deralo zinali kukhala mlembi wake kalaliki. luso lake zikuphatikizapo kasamalidwe ntchito Township anthu. Kodi kulanga Sudebnik Ivan 4, kuti apite anthu osankhidwa anali kupereka lumbiro.

kusintha zinthu zina

Kuti bwino kulimbikitsa m'munsi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu ya boma anayamba kukuza ufulu wa anthu a m'gulu la utumiki. Mwachitsanzo, ya kusintha servicemen Chilamulo Ivan 4 choletsedwa muukapolo ukapolo. Komanso, kufunika Ufumuyo ubale pakati pa lamulo yozungulira a alimi ndi feudalists legislatively anaika Yurev tsiku. Munjira ina, boma ayesera kukuza ufulu wa anthu wamba. anthu yozungulira amapatsidwa mwayi wofalitsa amchigulu, Kuthi inquest. Pamene akazembe imeneyi kapena pa Kuthi, mwina pamaso pake sanathe anamangidwa popanda chilolezo wamba gulu la osankhidwa akuluakulu, akulu ndi barmen. Sudebnik Ivan 4 mwapatsidwa wamba misonkho kulankhula Kamangidwe lamanja, kuti phwandolo, ufulu wodzilamulira.

mwayi kwa alimi

Chilamulo anatsimikizira anthu ufulu yozungulira kusuntha momasuka. M'nkhani nthawi ufulu umenewu, limati motsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera malipiro a "nyansi" ndi "okalamba 'palibe ntchito zina. M'mawu ena, kuchita ufulu kusintha kwa osauka ndi sayenera kuchita kuwerengetsera aliyense ndi mwini, kuwonjezera phindu la zimenezi. Sir, nayenso alibe ufulu kugwira anthu amene ataya ntchito ziwiri izi. Mwalamulo zoletsedwa amakakamizidwa kutembenuka osauka mu serfs. kusintha The analoledwa, ngakhale mwiniwake wa mangawa onse akhala analipira kwa yozungulira.

Stratification dongosolo chilango

Sudebnik Ivan 4 kupereka mamembala ulemu wa anthu. Koma chilango manyazi anali nazo zosiyana. Pakuti malipiro mlimi chipongwe anali 1 Ruble, wakunja kwatawuni munthu - 5, chachikulu wamalonda - 50, kalaliki - 200 boyar - 600. Akazi ndi analipira kawiri kuposa amuna udindo womwewo.

Tokhala ndi umboni

Zosamvetsetseka Kuthi malamulo pamaso malamulo ingathetsedwe ndi duel pakati pa zipani kukangana kwina. Amene anapambana pa "munda", kotero, Iye ankaona kuti apambane mlanduwu. Sudebnik njira iyi Kuthi okha chiwerengero cha zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, sipanatenge "ndi" pakati "womenya ndi neboytsom". Pa anthu otsiriza anatengedwa kudwala, ana kapena achikulire. Kuchotserapo mwina panthawi imene "neboets" anasonyeza kuti ankafunitsitsa kuchita nawo kumunda. Komanso analola kutumiza ku malo ake mu nkhondo, "waganyu." Izo ziyenera kuti "m'munda" wa Sudebnik akhoza anakonza osati kuthetsa mkangano, komanso kudziwa zoti Yesu mboni.