History of Chess

Ngati masewera ena amene anaonekera padziko lapansi zaka zambiri zapitazo, Chess kupangidwa kalekale. History of Chess, ndi nkhani zina, zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu.

zaka woona palibe munthu angathe molondola anapereka. Malinga ndi limodzi la nthano wotchuka wa mbiri Chess anayamba kuzungulira 1000 BC. E:. wolamulira mmodzi anatulukira kwambiri Indian masamu, amene akutchedwa yomanga ndi kutsegula kwa manambala mu mlingo. Poyamba, masewero anali kusewera anayi ndi kuononga ndalama zonse mdani, koma pa nthawi wawasinthira pang'ono, ndipo anayamba kusewera Chess osewera awiri.

History of Chess anapitiriza kufalikira padziko lonse India akale. Kale mu chaka 600 BC Iwo amatchulidwa mu ndakatulo Persian. Aluya Ndakukwaniritsirani masewerawa. wopambana ankaona amene anaika mdani "mphasa" - zinthu pa masewera, pamene chithunzi cha "Mfumu" salinso ali ndi ufulu sitiroko. kufalitsa Komanso wa masewerawa aluntha anapita kwa zaka zambiri padziko lonse. History of Chess ku Ulaya anayamba mu TH ine. N. e., pamene Asilamu otchedwa a Moor anawabweretsa kwa Spain. Komanso, masewero kufalitsa kwa Italy, France ndi Portugal. Mpingo wa Katolika sanasangalale ndi Chess, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali anawaletsa. Pozunzidwa mpingo, iwo anapitiriza ulendo wawo wopambana padziko lonse ndi mosalekeza bwino. Amaona kuti ndi X V mu. N. e. anapeza tione yawo yamakono. History of Chess ku Russia unayamba m'zaka za Chitata Mongol anawazunza, ngakhale IX wa - X zaka N. e., ndipo pambuyo pake kaŵirikaŵiri ku Poland. mpingo Russian malinga loletsa masewera Chess, koma m'zaka za m'ma X VII kuti nyimbo olemekezeka ndi atsogoleri pafupifupi onse Russia.

Mawu "Chess" poyambirira amachokera ku mawu Persian "shah" (King), ndi akale Arabic mawu akuti "mphasa" (anamwalira). Pambuyo kuoneka Chess ku Ulaya, mabuku ambiri onena za masewerawa ndi chiphunzitso chake. Modern kuboma malamulo a Chess ndi chosiyana ndi anthu amene masewerawa zaka 500 zapitazo.

Chess masewera - mpikisano imene mukupanga awiri ndi malamulo nayenso kusuntha ndalama pa bolodi 64-selo ndi mabwalo wakuda ndi oyera. Zotchuka kwambiri wotere wapirira mayeso a nthawi ndi tingachipeze powerenga Chess. Malamulo a masewerawa Atengedwa weniweni (World Chess Federation). Ambiri kupikisana mayiko anakonza Malamulo 2004 weniweni Congress 'a Chess. " Malinga ndi iwo, munda wa Chess gulu lotchedwa woyera ndi wakuda. Choncho otsutsa kusewera Chess zidutswa woyera ndi wakuda (mdima) mitundu. matabwa kusindikizidwa fano lotchedwa Chess chithunzi. The mpikisano komiti ali pabwino ku ngodya kumanzere kwa munda pafupi wina player, zinali wakuda. Molunjika kotenga mzere maselo (m'minda), kuyambira ndi kutha pa minda kwambiri (malire), amatchedwa choimirira. Yopingasa mzere minda amatchedwa yopingasa. chiwerengero A minda, kukhudza yekha ngodya, wotchedwa opendekera. Angapo mndandanda wa minda contiguous amene malo ogwirizana ndi yowongoka mzere gawo amatchedwa checkerboard mzere.

onse zidutswa Chess dzina lawo, kayendedwe njira yodutsamo ndi malo oyamba. chimachititsanso zalembedwa ndi malangizo ena ndi zizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a mawu, wotchedwa Chess kalembedwe. zidutswa zonse wa mmodzi wa mitundu isanu, omwe ali katundu yake, zomwe zimapezeka mu gulu lawo. Otsutsa kumayambiriro kwa masewera Aliyense zidutswa 16. Full ya osakwatiwa-mtundu: Mfumu, Mfumukazi, 2 njovu ndi kavalo, 2 Makwangwala Olimbana, 8 akapolo. Mtundu kanjedza limadalira kwambiri. The malo oyamba a ndalama Chess yofanana, pankhani zina. Minda ndi zithunzi otchedwa wotanganidwa, ndipo popanda iwo - kwaulere. Akapolo ndi pa minda 2 ndi 7, yopingasa; Rook - m'minda ngodya owazungulira - akavalo ndi pambuyo pawo - njovu. Queens anayikidwa pa minda D1, d8, ndi mafumu - kuti E1, e8.

Wosewera mpira aliyense mu Chess n'zotheka limodzi mwa magulu atatu a zotsatira: kutayikidwa jambulani, kupambana. Pamene kugoletsa mdani athana ananena woluza "mphasa", pamene pogwiritsa akuyesedwa "stalemate."

Chess chiphunzitso thupi lonse zokhudza malamulo ndi peculiarities wa masewerawa. Izo amaweruza iliyonse ndi malangizo pantchito ndi lipoti chandamale. Popanda kuphunzira chiphunzitso cha Chess sikutheka bwinobwino kuphunzira masewera izi ndi kupanga izo bwino.