Mitundu ya pasitala. Kodi pasita ndi chiyani?

Chellentani ndi manicotti, kazerechche ndi pipe riging, mafalda ndi stellin, soba ndi udon, saiphun ndi bifun, chuzma ndi nuasyr - kwa munthu amene amachitira pasta "mokhazikika", amangotenga mawu achilendo. Kwa wokondedwa weniweni, uwu ndi nkhani ya mtundu wa pasta uli m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Masiku ano, mosiyana ndi zakale, pa masamulo a masitolo ndi supermarket ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pasitala. Chithunzichi m'munsimu chikuwonetsa pang'ono chabe macaroni mosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, ndi okoma mtima.

Kodi pasitala ikuwoneka kuti ndi liti?

Tsiku lenileni limene ma macaroni amapezeka mu zakudya za anthu sangathe kutchedwa wolemba mbiri wina aliyense wophika. Masiku ano, pali zifukwa zokhudzana ndi chiyambi cha Etruscans, Chitchaina ndi Arabu pankhani ya kupanga macaroni.

Pambuyo pofufuza mosamala zitsime za pansi pa Etruscan necropolis, kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma IV BC. E., akatswiri a mbiriyakale anabwera kumapeto kuti iwo anajambula zinthu zida, kupyolera mu pasitala.

Malingaliro ena, mbiri yakale ya pasitala ikuyamba m'zaka za m'ma 1200, pamene Marco Polo anabwerera ku Venice kuchokera ku China. Komabe, ngakhale pakati pa zaka za zana la 12, zambiri za Sicily zogulitsa kunja zinali zopangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wa pasta secca pasta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri asanabwerere munthu wamkulu wochokera ku China, a ku Italy ayamba kale kupanga pasta.

Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti chofunika kwambiri pozindikira macaroni, kapena kuti, monga mtundu wa Zakudyazi, ndi cha China, kumene chinakonzedwa kusanayambike nthawi yathu ino. Ngakhale kuti palibe chidziwitso chenicheni cha nthawi komanso malo omwe pasitala akuwonekera, anthu okhala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi amitundu ndi amitundu osiyanasiyana amasangalala kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

"Zachikhalidwe" za pasta

Kukhitchini ya anthu ambiri pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pasitala ndi mbale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mtundu umodzi.

Kwa anthu a ku Ulaya, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ozoloŵera ndiwo pasta, opangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu. Zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri m'lifupi, kutalika ndi mawonekedwe.

Ambiri okhala ku Asia, kuphatikizapo Chitchaina, amakonda macaroni opangidwa ndi ufa wa mpunga. Kwenikweni, izi ndi mitundu ya pasitala, monga mpunga wa mpunga wa kutalika ndi m'lifupi, kutuluka kapena koyera.

Ku Japan, Kazakhstan, Central Asia ndi madera ena a China, mazira aatali ndi otchuka kwambiri, omwe amatulutsidwa mwachindunji. Ku Asia, amatchedwa "chuzma" ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera lagman.

Ku Japan, mokondwera iwo amakonzekera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ufa pasitala osiyanasiyana. Choncho, Zakudyazi zotchuka Soba, zopangidwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha buckwheat ndi ufa wa mpunga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbale zambiri. Kuchokera mu wowuma wa zomera zokongola, mtundu wapadera wa Zakudyazi umakonzedwa - saufoon.

M'mayiko a Arabi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya macaroni monga sieve ndi siar ndi yotchuka.

Kwa nthawi yaitali akatswiri ophika m'mapiri ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko adapanga luso lopanga pasitala ndikupanga maphikidwe atsopano. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe pasta ndi.

Chigawo cha Russian cha pasitala

Pasitala ikhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, komanso pamwamba pa zonse, malingana ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Macaroni nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu, koma akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga, rye ndi ufa wa buckwheat, komanso chimanga.

Malingana ndi malamulo a Chirasha, pasitala yopangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu, malinga ndi mitundu ya tirigu, imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa: A, B, B. Kuwonjezera apo, ufa wa ufa ndi maziko a kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya pasitala - yapamwamba, yoyamba ndi yachiwiri.

Kuthandizana ndi A ndi mwambo wakuyika macaroni wochokera ku ufa wochuluka, woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa tirigu wa durumu. Chomera cha macaroni cha gulu B ndi ufa wa apamwamba komanso woyamba wa tirigu wofewa wa vitreous . Kwa pasitala B, ufa wa bakate wapamwamba kwambiri ndi sukulu yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ku Russia, malinga ndi ma GOST okhazikika, pasitala yonse, malingana ndi mawonekedwe awo, yagawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Choyimira;
• Chithunzithunzi;
• Chithunzi;
• Yopangidwa ndi mphuno.

Pa mitundu yonseyi, mitundu yambiri imasiyana. Zamtengo wapatali zingapangidwe mu maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.

Pasitala yamphongo imaphatikizapo pasta, nthenga ndi nyanga mwachindunji. Malingana ndi kukula kwake, iwo agawanika:

• "Udzu" - uli ndi mamita awiri mpaka 4 mm;
• Wapadera - mamita kuchokera 4 mm mpaka 5.5 mm;
• Kawirikawiri - ndi mamita 5.6 mm mpaka 7 mm;
• Amateur - kuposa 7 mm m'mimba mwake.

Pasitala yowonjezera imagawidwa mu vermicelli-spiderweb ndi madigiri osapitirira 0,8 mm; Osapitirira 1.2 mm m'mimba mwake; Kawirikawiri - kukula kwake sikudutsa 1.5 mm; Amateur - mpaka 3 mm m'mimba mwake.

Zakudyazi zimapangidwa kukhala pasta, yomwe imapangidwa mumitundu yosiyana ndi zipembedzo. Zingakhale ndi m'mphepete mwachindunji, zowonongeka komanso zosalala. Kuthamanga kwa Zakudyazi sikungapitirire 2 mm, ndipo m'lifupi amaloledwa aliyense, koma osachepera 3 mm.

Malingana ndi ma GOST a Russian, zonsezi zimagawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri: zofupika, kutalika kwa 1.5 mpaka 15 masentimita, ndizitali - kuyambira 15 mpaka 50 cm. Malinga ndi GOST, macaroni ndi nthawi yaitali, Zakudyazi ndi vermicelli zimatha kukhala motalika, choncho Ndifupika. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso nyanga ndi nthenga zimangobwerekedwa mwachidule.

Chigawo cha Italy cha macaroni

Ku Italy, gulu losiyana kwambiri la pasitala limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyana ndi mwambo ku Russia. Pafupifupi, pali mitundu mazana atatu ya pasta ku Italy kuphika, koma palibe amene angatchule nambala yeniyeni ya iwo.

Ku Italy, pasitala yonse inagawidwa, choyamba, kukhala yonyowa pokhala ndi youma. Masitala owuma amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndikugulitsa m'masitolo nthawi zonse. Mosiyana ndi iwo, pasitala yaiwisi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale.

Pasitala yonse ya Italy ndiyoyikidwa muzigawo izi:

• Kutalika;
• Zochepa;
• Choyimira;
• Msuzi wabwino;
• Cholinga cha kuphika;
• Pasika (yodzazidwa).

Pasitala yayitali

Kutenga zakudya zakale kumaphatikizapo miyala ya 1.2 mpaka 2 mm m'mimba mwake, monga capellini, vermicelli, spaghetti ndi spaghettini ndi bucatini.

Pasitala wamtundu wambiri monga mazira, monga bavetite, fettuccine, tagliatelle, linguine ndi pappardelle, amasiyana m'lifupi kuchokera 3 mpaka 13 mm.

Maonekedwe osiyana a pasitala yayitali ndi mafaldin, pokhala ndi mphiri.

Pasta yayifupi

Mitundu yochepa ya pasta ndi yosiyanasiyana, yotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yotsatirayi.

Nthenga za Penne ndizitsulo zazing'ono zopitirira 10 mm komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 4. Mapeto a pasitalawa amadulidwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa cha zomwe amafanana ndi nthenga yowonongeka. Pamwamba pawo ikhoza kukhala yosalala kapena yowonongeka.

Ditalini, amene omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Italy amatanthauza "zinyama." Miphika yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono kwambiri.

Rigatoni - timipata tating'ono komanso tating'ono nthawi yayitali, yochulukirapo kuposa ndalama. Kawirikawiri zawonongeka.

Ziti - madengu ochepa. Zingakhale zochepa kapena zautali.

Malipiro (Elbow macaroni) - amatulutsa timachuno tating'ono ting'onoting'ono.

Masitala owerengedwa

Chikhalidwe cha macaroni m'chikhalidwe cha ku Italy chingakhale chosiyana mofanana ndi kukula kwake. Timatchula mitundu yambiri yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kawirikawiri ya pasitala.

Rotini - mizere, yochepa komanso yochepa "akasupe".

Fuzzles ndizomwe zimakhala zowonjezereka kuposa zowola, komanso zimapangika kukhala "masika". Zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana: yaitali, zoonda, zochepa komanso zakuda.

Kawatappi - yofanana ndi fuzzles, koma yoposa yaitali. Mkati mwa iwo muli dzenje, ndi kunja - zowonongeka.

Mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Italy - "shell shell". Zimasiyana m'litali komanso m'kati mwake.

Lumaka ndi nkhono. Zoonadi, amawoneka ngati nyumba ya nkhono, yomwe imachokera pomwepo.

Farfale - agulugufe. Takhala ndi dzina locheperapo komanso lachinyengo - "mauta."

Radiator - osati dzina lokoma kwambiri komanso lachikondi loyerekeza - radiator, chifukwa cha grooves ndi grooves pa pasta iliyonse.

Ruote - gudumu, macaroni athu a mawonekedwewa akutchedwa - "magudumu".

Kapena - ngati kwambiri mpunga wa pasitala.

Sitidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa pasitala womwe unatsimikizika, timangotchula mayina ena ochepa: torchio, dzhemlli, malloredas, kesaricia, cross di Galli, quadrafioro ndi jigli.

Zakudya zabwino (pasta) za supu

Kuti mudzaze msuzi muzigwiritsa ntchito pasitala yazing'ono izi.

Anelli - mphete zazing'ono.

Chilembo - macaroni mwa mawonekedwe.

Ma Corals - timing'onoting'ono ting'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsira ntchito makorali.

Stellaete - nyenyezi, zikufanana ndi supu yathu macaroni ya mawonekedwe omwewo.

Foni - zingwe zochepa.

Pasitala ya kuphika

Cannelloni - amawoneka ngati yaitali komanso lalikulu m'mimba mwake chubu.

Manicotti - mafunde akuluakulu, monga cannelloni, koma ochepa okha.

Conquilione - yaikulu kwambiri, tikhoza kunena, zipolopolo zazikulu.

Gwiritsani ntchito zipolopolo zapakati.

Lumaconi ndi nkhono yaikulu.

Lasagna - mapepala apamwamba ndi apamwamba, omwe ali m'mphepete mwake omwe amatha kukhala ofewa kapena opera.

Anadzazidwa pasitala - pasitala yokhala ndi zinthu zina

Ravioli - malo odyetserako ziphaso ochokera ku pasitala, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zidutswa za Russian.

Tortellinni - ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mphete zosiyanasiyana.

Njoki - ang'onoang'ono odzaza ndi mbatata yosenda, tchizi kapena sipinachi.

Pa funso la pasitala omwe alipo, ambiri a mafani awo ali ndi zaka zitatu mpaka 12 adzayankha kuti ali achikuda. Inde, ndi ana amene amakonda kwambiri pasitala! Zimakhala zofiira, monga lamulo, ndi dyesedwe zachilengedwe. Choncho, msipu wobiriwira umapezeka pophatikizapo madzi a sipinachi, violet - beet madzi, inksi wakuda - squid.

Ku Italy, amakonda pasitala yakuda ndikuitcha pasta nera. Kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kutalika kwa pastaszi kumadalira kokha malingaliro ophika a wophika, amene adafuna kuphika.

Tinafufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mitundu ya pasitala. Ndipotu, tizilombo ta pasitala ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe tingaganizire. Mwinamwake a ku Italy okha, kupatulapo akatswiri ophikira, akatswiri olemba mbiri ndi apasta production technology, sakudziwa kuti pasta ndi wokondedwa kwambiri kudziko lakwawo.