M'mimba dongosolo: ntchito ndi kapangidwe

Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu - dongosolo ake ziwalo m'mimba. kuphatikiza chikhalidwe zinakonzedwa ndi bungwe, kotero kuti mwiniwake anali wokhoza kuti wachotsa chakudya ankadya zonse zofunikira kwambiri kwa moyo wabwinobwino. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo mu dongosolo m'mimba ntchito ngati "matsenga" njira, amene anatipulumutsa ife ku matenda, kusukulutsa mphamvu yakupha ziphe, ndipo ngakhale kulola ife kuti lithe mavitamini zofunika. Popeza kufunika kwa chiwalo lamavutoli, m'pofunika kusamalira.

Taonani chimene dongosolo m'mimba, ntchito ya dongosolo m'mimba , nayenso, musatisiye sizikugwiridwa. Inunso kuphunzira zimene ndithu zichitidwe kuti matenda m'mimba.

Zomwe matupi ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha m'mimba?

Dongosolo m'mimba tichipeza mabungwe otsatirawa ndi madipatimenti:

• m'kamwa ndi zopangitsa ake membala malovu;
• pakhosi;
• m'dera la kholingo;
• m'mimba;
• ang'ono ndi lalikulu intestine;
• chiwindi;
• kapamba.

Kenako, tikambirana kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya dongosolo m'mimba. Gome m'munsimu apereka mwachidule magawo constituent pa mundawo m'mimba.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa kapangidwe ka ziwalo dongosolo, izo zikhoza kudziŵika kuti thirakiti m'mimba ndi chubu kutalika mamita 7-9. Ena mwa zopangitsa zikuluzikulu zili kunja dongosolo makoma, ndi kukhala uthenga wake.

The peculiarity izi ya ziwalo zomwe zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo yaying'ono kwambiri. thirakiti chochokera pakamwa pa chotulukira kwa masentimita 900, koma iwo ali oyenera m'thupi luso kuthandiza minofu ya njira m'mimba mapangidwe zingwe zopota ndi anaŵerama. Komabe, ntchito yathu - osati kutchula ziwalo za dongosolo m'mimba. Ife mosamala takambirana njira zonse zikuchitika aliyense kapepala kakuti m'mimba.

Cacikulu GI chiwembu cha ntchito

Oral M'mimbamo, pharynx ndi kum'mero kwenikweni n'zosiyana malangizo.

Tsopano tiyeni tione mwachidule ndondomeko ya ndime ya chakudya kudzera dongosolo m'mimba. zigawo michere alowa m'thupi la munthu kudzera mwa kutsegula. Komanso, misa ayenera pakhosi, amene intersect thirakiti m'mimba ndi dongosolo kupuma. Pambuyo khadili chitumidwa kwa bolus pansi kholingo. Fodya ameneyu amatafunidwa ndi wothira malovu, chakudya akulowa m'mimba. Akuluakulu a gawo lomaliza la kholingo lili m'dera m'mimba: m'mimba, akhungu yaing'ono, m'matumbo zigawo intestine, ndi khansa: chiwindi ndi kapamba.

Mafupa a chiuno yoongoka intestine. Chakudya M'mimbamo m'mimba nthawi osiyanasiyana malingana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala, koma musalumphe nthawi opatsidwa maola angapo. Panthawi imeneyi, otchedwa allocated mu thupi M'mimbamo wa madzi muzituluka. Chakudya amakhala madzi, kusanganikirana amapezeka ndi chosinkhasinkha izo. Kupita patsogolo, misa akulowa intestine yaing'ono. Apa ntchito za michere amatipatsa kuvunda zina mwa zinthu zakudya mu mankhwala osavuta omwe ali odzipereka mosavuta mu m'magazi ndi lymph.

Komanso yotsalira misa kukuyenda mu m'mimba, kumene mayamwidwe madzi ndi mapangidwe chopondapo. Ndipotu, ndi zinthu zimene si m'mimba ndipo sangathe odzipereka mu magazi ndi lymph. Iwo achotsedwa ndi chilengedwe kunja kupyolera chotulukira lapansi.

malovu anthu chiyani?

Pa mucosa mkamwa, limene limayamba ndi ndondomeko ya ndime ya chakudya kudzera dongosolo m'mimba, pali zazikulu ndi zazing'ono malovu zopangitsa. Large amene ili pafupi makutu, pansi nsagwada ndi pansi lilime. Mitundu iwiri yomalizira zopangitsa malovu kubala chinsinsi wosanganiza: iwo secrete malovu kapena madzi. The zopangitsa pafupi makutu amatha kutulutsa ntchofu yekha. Salivation kungakhale kwambiri ndithu. Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito ya mandimu angaime 7.5 ml ya mphindi.

Ambiri malovu ndi madzi, koma lili ndi michere: amylase ndi maltase. Izi michere chimbudzi ndondomeko umayendetsedwa mu M'mimbamo m'kamwa: amylase atatembenuzidwa wowuma mu maltose, lomwe ndi zina lamamatira kwa shuga ndi maltase. Chakudya ndi m'kamwa yochepa - zosaposa masekondi 20, imene nthawi wowuma alibe nthawi kupasuka kwathunthu. Malovu ambiri ali mwina ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere anachita. Komanso mu filimu madzi lili wapadera mapuloteni lysozyme, amene ali katundu bactericidal.

Tsatirani kum'mero

m'mimba dongosolo thunthu ya kum'mero zotsatirazi kofuna m'kamwa ndi kukhosi m'mimba limba. Ngati inu kuona nkhani ya khoma, izo bwinobwino ogaŵikana zigawo zitatu. The apakatikati ndi mwendo ndipo akhoza kuotcha. khalidwe limeneli limachititsa kulimbikitsa chakudya kuchokera pharynx kwa m'mimba. Esophageal musculature umabala mabala undulated kuti kuyambira pamwamba pa thupi nthawi yake yonse. Ndi ndime ya bolus pamodzi ndi polowera chubu pali kutsegula kwa sphincter m'mimba.

minofu Izi amasunga chakudya mmimba ndiponso kupewa izo kupita ku Nineve. Nthawi zina, kutseka sphincter lafooka ndi m'mimba misa akhoza anam'ponya mu kholingo. Reflux zikachitika, munthu amamva kutentha.

M'mimba ndi m'mimba zinsinsi

Tiyenera kupitiriza kuphunzira dongosolo la dongosolo m'mimba. Pa kum'mero ayenera m'mimba. Kutanthauzira iye - kumanzere chapamwamba nusu m'dera epigastric. thupi ili - osati kuti zina, monga mbali ya thirakiti m'mimba ndi khoma muscled.

The mawonekedwe ndi kukula m'mimba mwachindunji amadalira nkhani zake. thupi Malo ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 20, mtunda pakati pa makoma -. 7-8 masentimita Ngati zolimbitsa kudzaza m'mimba, m'litali adzakhala ndi za 25 cm, ndipo m'lifupi - 12 masentimita limba cholandirira amathanso zosiyanasiyana malinga mlingo wa chidzalo ndi. izo zimasiyanasiyana malita 1.5 malita 4. Munthu kumeza, minofu ya mimba pansi, ndi amenewa kumatenga mpaka mapeto a chakudya. Koma ngakhale pamene chakudya chatha, minofu m'mimba mu mkhalidwe ntchito. Chakudya ndi pansi, pali processing ake makina ndi mankhwala gululi minofu. chakudya m'mimba chimatsatira intestine yaing'ono.

Mkati m'mimba wodzaza ndi Kakhungu mucous ndi kuchuluka kwa pleats, zomwe zili mu prostate. ntchito yawo - kuonetsetsa mmene ndingathere timadziti m'mimba. maselo m'mimba kubala michere, acid amathiridwa ndi mucoid katulutsidwe. Bolus impregnated ndi zinthu zonsezi nthaka ndi kusakaniza. Minofu, kuchepa, kulimbikitsa chimbudzi.

Kodi madzi chapamimba?

madzi muzituluka ndi madzi colorless ndi anachita asidi, amene akufotokoza pamaso pa acid amathiridwa. Pali magulu atatu waukulu michere:

• protease (makamaka pepsin) kumamatira mapuloteni a mamolekyulu polypeptide;
• lipase kuchita mamolekyulu mafuta, akatembenuka iwo ku asidi mafuta ndi glycerol (m'mimba yekha mkaka lamamatira emulsified mafuta ng'ombe);
• malovu amylases kupitiriza ntchito pa pogawanikana pamawere wa zimam'patsa zovuta kwa dzuwa chosavuta (monga bolus ndi impregnated kwathunthu ndi madzi acidic chapamimba, michere amylolytic ndi inactivated).

acid amathiridwa ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa secretions m'mimba, monga imbaendesa munthu ku yogwira enzyme pepsin, kukonzekera mamolekyulu pogawanikana pamawere mapuloteni, mkaka curdled ndipo kumatha tizilombo onse. muzituluka kumasulidwa kumachitika makamaka pa chakudya ndi kumatenga maola 4-6. Total pa madzi tsiku anapatsidwa adzamasulidwa malita 2.5.

Choona chidwi ndi chiwerengero ndi zikuchokera madzi chapamimba zimatengera mtundu wa chakudya umene ukubwerawo. Nambala yaikulu ya nthandala mobisa kwa chimbudzi mapulotini, wamng'ono - mu mayamwidwe munthu wonenepa kudya. Mu wathanzi chamoyo chapamimba madzi lili mwachilungamo wambirimbiri acid amathiridwa, pH ranges ku 1.5-1.8.

Small intestine

Mukamakambirana zimene matupi ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha m'mimba, chinthu zina kuphunzira - ndi intestine yaing'ono. dongosolo chimbudzi anapambulwa achokera ku pylorus chapamimba ndipo ali okwana kutalika mamita 6. Iwo lagawidwa m'magawo angapo:

• 12 duodenum ndi lalifupi ndi kupatukana yaikulu ndi m'litali ndi za 30 cm;
• chochepera intestine yodziwika ndi kuchepa kwa lumen ndi kutalika kwa 2.5 mamita;
• ileum ndi gawo yopapatiza ambiri khadi woonda, m'litali ndi 3.5 m.

The intestine yaing'ono lili zonse m'mimba mwa mawonekedwe a zingwe zopota. Patsogolo pa iwo yokutidwa ndi omentum ndi laterally okha m'mimba thirakiti wandiweyani. Ntchito za m'mimba kakang'ono - kupitiriza zochita mankhwala zigawo zikuluzikulu chakudya, kusanganikirana ake ndi kutumiza ku dipatimenti wandiweyani.

Mpanda wa thupi lili dongosolo lililonse kwa zigawo zonse pa mundawo m'mimba ndipo imakhala zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mucous wosanjikiza;
• submucosal minofu ndi accumulations misempha, zopangitsa, lymph ndi mitsempha;
• minofu minofu, chomwe ndi kotenga kunja ndi zigawo mkati zozungulira ndi kutayidwa therebetween wosanjikiza minofu connective ndi mitsempha ya magazi ndi misempha (akulu wosanjikiza ndi udindo kuyanjana ndi kuyendera dongosolo m'mimba chakudya);
• serosa ndi yosalala ndi moisturized, izo kumathandiza mikangano pakati pa matupi okha.

Features wa chimbudzi mu intestine ang'onoang'ono

Zopangitsa m'gulu m'mimba minofu dongosolo akutali chinsinsi. Kumatetezera mucosa ku choipa ndi pa ntchito za michere m'mimba. Mucous minofu ndipamene kuchuluka pleats omnidirectional, ndipo ichi kumawonjezera m'dera suction. chiwerengero cha mabungwe deta amachepetsa kwa m'mimba. Kuchokera mkati mucosa wa ang'ono intestine villi ndi zigwa osonyeza kuti thandizo chimbudzi.

Sing'anga 12- gawo pang'ono zamchere ndi mufika koma amachepetsa pH wa zili m'mimba. Kapamba ritsa ali m'dera lino, ndi chinsinsi chake alkalizes bolus, Pakati motero amakhala ndale. Choncho, michere muzituluka ndi inactivated.

mawu ochepa A za zopangitsa za m'mimba

dongosolo m'mimba ali ndi zopangitsa ritsa endocrine. Kapamba amatulutsa madzi ndi kudya munthu ndipo chiwerengero chake ndicho amadalira chakudya zikuchokera. Mapuloteni zakudya kumapangitsa munthu katulutsidwe wa aakulu ndi mafuta chifukwa azisiyana. Total patsiku kapamba umabala malita 2.5 a madzi.

Komanso mu intestine yaing'ono izo allocates ndulu chinsinsi chake. Patapita mphindi 5 zokha kuyambira chiyambi cha chakudya izo zikuyamba mwachangu kubala ya ndulu, yomwe imayendetsa ndi michere onse a madzi matumbo. chinsinsi ichi ndi kumalimbitsa m'mimba thirakiti galimoto ntchito, kumakulitsa kusanganikirana ndi kayendedwe ka chakudya. The 12- dipatimenti kugaya pafupifupi theka la mapuloteni zakudya ndi dzuwa, komanso mbali yaing'ono ya mafuta. Mu yaing'ono intestine enzymatic kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala organic chimaposa, koma zochepa intensively ndi parietal osakhala mayamwidwe khalidwe. Kwambiri intensively ndondomeko izi zimachitika pambuyo maola 1-2 pambuyo chakudya. Kuposa ntchito zofanana ndi njira mmimba.

Large intestine - komaliza siteshoni chimbudzi

Awa ndi mapeto gawo pa mundawo m'mimba, m'litali ndi 2 m. Mayina a m'mimba dongosolo mlandu zizindikiro zawo anatomical, komanso molondola anamvetsa kuti magawano uyu ali lumen apamwamba. M'lifupi m'matumbo yafupika ku masentimita 7 4 pa ukutsika dipatimenti ya m'matumbo. M'dera iyi mabacteria zotsatirazi secrete thirakiti m'mimba:

• cecum, zakumapeto ndi, kapena zakumapeto;
• akukwera m'matumbo anapambulwa;
• yopingasa m'matumbo;
• ukutsika m'matumbo gawo;
• sigmoid m'matumbo;
• mwachindunji dipatimenti, mathero chotulukira.

chakudya m'mimba akulowa ku intestine yaing'ono lalikulu kupyolera kutsegula yaing'ono mawonekedwe a kudula pabwino horizontally. Pali mtundu valavu sphincter ndi milomo yomwe kumathandiza ingress zili akhungu khadi zosiyana.

Kodi njira kutenga malo mu m'mimba?

Ngati dongosolo lonse chimbudzi imatenga limodzi ndi maola atatu, ambiri anakhala allocated mu mtanda mu m'matumbo. Izo zimayambitsa kudzikundikira zili suction kukhazikitsa zinthu zofunika ndi madzi, kuyendera njira, mapangidwe ndi kuchotsa ndowe. Thupi wakudziko ndi kudya chakudya m'mimba mwa m'mimba pambuyo maola 3-3.5 pambuyo chakudya. Dipatimenti imeneyi ladzala masana, kenako Ndikudzikhuthula kwathunthu maola 48-72.

Mu m'matumbo pali mayamwidwe shuga, amino zidulo, mavitamini ndi zina opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya mu dipatimenti imeneyi, ndipo ambiri (95%) mwa madzi ndi electrolytes zosiyanasiyana.

Okhala pa mundawo m'mimba

Pafupifupi onse ziwalo ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha m'mimba ndi anthu ndi tizilombo. Only m'mimba ali sterility wachibale (kudya) chifukwa malo acidic. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha bakiteriya mu m'matumbo ndi - 10 biliyoni / 1 g wa ndowe. Normal microflora cha GI wandiweyani otchedwa eubioz ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa munthu:

• kumathandiza chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• kaphatikizidwe wa mavitamini B ndipo K, michere, mahomoni ndi zina zothandiza kwa munthu;
• komanso yogawanika mapadi, hemicellulose ndi pectins.

Khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa microflora wa munthu aliyense ndi wapadera kwambiri ndipo ndi Lamulo zinthu zonse kunja ndi mkati.

Kusamalira thanzi lanu!

Mofanana ndi mbali ina ya thupi, dongosolo m'mimba kungakhale atengeke matenda osiyanasiyana. Iwo amaganizira ndi kugunda kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kunja. Komabe, ngati munthu wathanzi ndi m'mimba iye ntchito popanda glitch, onse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali adzawonongeka mu malo acidic. Ngati pazifukwa zina thupi likugwira abnormally, ndiye pafupifupi nthenda iliyonse akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri, monga khansa ya dongosolo m'mimba. Izo zonse akuyamba ndi ang'ono: zakudya m'thupi, kusowa chakudya awo coarse fibrous chakudya, mowa ndi mafuta zakudya, kusuta, nkhawa, zakudya akamakonda, malo osauka ndi zoipa zina pang'onopang'ono kuwononga thupi lanu ndi imautsa chitukuko cha matenda.

dongosolo m'mimba makamaka chiopsezo ku mphamvu yoipa kuchokera kunja. Choncho musaiwale pochitika Kupenda mankhwala m'njira yake ndi dokotala vuto la Kulephera kugwira ntchito yachibadwa ya thupi.