RSFSR - ichi ndi chiani? RSFSR: kutanthauzira, maphunziro, mapangidwe ndi gawo

Kwa nthawi yoyamba dzina la RSFSR linawonekera mu 1918, linagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina la dziko loyamba ladziko loyamba, lomwe linapangidwa pambuyo pa October Revolution, yomwe inachitika mu 1917. Icho chinapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa December 1991, pamene adasankha kubwezeretsanso dziko ku Russian Federation. Nanga bwanji mapangidwe a RSFSR akuchitika, kodi izi zikuyimira bwanji ndi zochitika zofunikira kwambiri pa gawo lawo? Zonsezi ndi zofunika kudziwa chifukwa ndizotheka kudzaneneratu za tsogolo la dziko lirilonse pokhapokha podziwa mbiri yake.

Kupanga dziko latsopano mu gawo la kale la Ufumu wa Russia

Chifukwa cha October Revolution, omwe akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amawoneka ngati kuwombera, Republicli inalengezedwa, ndipo mu Januwale 1918 Third Congress ya Soviets inavomereza chikalata chofunika - Chidziwitso, chomwe ufulu wa "ogwira ntchito ndi ogwidwa ntchito" unalengezedwa. M'kalatayo, adalengezedwa kuti dziko latsopanoli ndi federal, ndipo patapita kanthawi, kufotokozera kwa RSFSR, kutanthauzira kwake komwe kunkawoneka ngati Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula. Komabe, panthawiyo dzikoli silinakhale ndi zizindikiro zovomerezeka kapena akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogonjetsa gawo lonselo.

Mbiri (asanalowe USSR)

Pakati pa February mpaka March 1918, mbali yaikulu ya zigawo za ufumu wakale wa Russia, mphamvu za Soviet zinakhazikitsidwa, ndipo Moscow inalengezedwa ku Moscow m'malo mwa Petrograd. Mu July, ku Yekaterinburg, a Bolshevik anawombera banja la Nicholas II pofuna kulimbitsa chikoka chawo ndi kuika malipiro onse a mfumu kuti adzakhale ndi chitsitsimutso m'dziko la autocracy. N'zosangalatsa kuti tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pake lamulo loyamba la RSFSR linayamba kugwira ntchito. Chochitikachi chikutanthauza kutha kwa nthawi yopanda kukayikira, pamene malire a nkhani za federation adakwera pamapu "ndi diso," ndipo gawo lomwelo likhoza kuchita nthawi imodzi komanso mabungwe atatu, monga amatchedwa "antchito", "asilikali" kapena " Amphawi "amaudindo. Kotero, pa nthawi imeneyo, yankho lokha la funso lomwe RSFSR linalilo linali dziko loyambirira la anthu oponderezedwa padziko lapansi, kumene iwo anali kupita kumanga chikominisi.

Nkhondo Yachiweniweni

Kuchokera pamene mapangidwe a RSFSR (kufotokoza kwa chidule ichi akudziwikiratu kwa inu) ndipo mpaka 1923 anali mu boma la Civil War ndipo anagonjetsedwa ndi Entente. Kuwonjezera apo, boma latsopanolo linayenera kuletsa kupanduka kwa Belochek ndikuletsa kugwira ntchito ku Far East. Chifukwa cha khama lalikulu ndi anthu zikwi mazana ambiri, boma la ogwira ntchito ndi anthu akulima likhoza kuthetsa malo onse otsutsa, ndipo pakati pa chilimwe cha 1923, mtendere unayendetsedwa m'dzikoli.

RSFSR m'zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa USSR

Ngakhale kuti pali bungwe la Party la Bolshevik pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe bungwe lina lakumayiko osiyanasiyana liyenera kukhazikitsidwa, gulu lomwe linalimbikitsa VI Lenin linapambana kukambirana. Motero, pa December 29, 1922, bungwe la USSR linakhazikitsidwa, mayiko awo onse ankayesedwa ofanana ndi ufulu ndipo akhoza kuchoka momasuka ku mgwirizanowu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, RSFSR panthawiyo inali ndi Bashkir ASSR (yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1919), Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920), Gorsky, Crimea ndi Dagestan ASSR (1921), Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922), ASSR ya Turkestan ndi ena . Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mu 1923, kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka boma kunayambitsa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwakukulu ku Russia SFSR.

RSFSR: gawo la dzikolo isanayambe Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikondi Chachikunja

M'zaka zomwe anakhalako, Soviet Russia mobwerezabwereza inasintha malire ake. Makamaka, mu 1923 mudzi wa Luganskaya wa Don region, mbali ya RSFSR, unayambira pakati pa chigawo chatsopano cha chigawo cha Lugansk cha Ukrainian SSR. Kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika m'dzinja la 1924, pamene madera akumwera a ASR Turkestan anagawidwa pakati pa a Uzbek SSR, omwe anali ndi Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, ndi Turkmen SSR. Poyambirira, kumayambiriro kwa 1930, RSFSR ili ndi mayiko khumi ndi awiri, ali ndi ufulu waukulu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ufulu uwu kuthetsa nkhani pa nthaka unali chabe chidziwitso pamapepala ndipo sichikanatha kuchitika mwanjira iliyonse.

Kukonzekera kwotsatira kwa malire a RSFSR ku USSR kunasankhidwa mu Soviet Constitution, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1936, malinga ndi zomwe Kazakh, Kyrgyz ndi Karakalpak Autonomous Republics zinachotsedwa ku federal Republic, ndipo mu 1940, Karelian ASSR. Mwa njirayi, chikalata ichi chikugwiritsidwanso kuti ndi chimodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu a demokarasi omwe amavomerezedwa padziko lapansi pakalipano.

Kusintha kwa madera kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Mu 1945, malinga ndi mgwirizano wa Potsdam, Koenigsberg Special VO inatumizidwa ku USSR ndi RSFSR. Imeneyi inali imodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri m'dera lakale la East Prussia, lomwe kenako linasinthidwa ndi kutchulidwanso m'dera la Kaliningrad. Choncho, malire a dzikoli apita patsogolo kwambiri kumadzulo.

Komabe, gawo lofunikira kwambiri kudziko lonse linayamba mu 1954, pamene Crimea Region ya RSFSR inasamutsidwa ku Ukraine SSR. Izi zinachitika popanda kusonyeza udindo wa Sevastopol, womwe panthawiyo unali mzinda wa dziko la Republic of Soviet Russia. Kuwonjezera apo, mu July 1956, Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, yomwe idali mbali ya dziko linalake, inabwezeretsedwa monga gawo la RSFSR .

Kupanga kwa RSFSR panthawi yopangidwa ndi Russian Federation

Pa December 25, 1993, RSFSR inali ndi mayiko a Ingush, Chechen, Karachay-Cherkessia, Chuvash, Udmurt, Kabardino-Balkarian, komanso maboma a Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmkia, Karelia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Sakha (Yakutia), Tuva, Adygea, Gorny Altai, Khakassia, Komi, etc. Choncho, yankho la funsoli, RSFSR ndi chiyani kuchokera mitu yomwe idali nthawi ya kugwa kwa USSR, likuwoneka motere: dziko la federal lomwe liri ndi zigawo zambiri, madera ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi Ufulu wofanana ndi udindo.

Chakumapeto kwa December 1991, ku Moscow kunalengeza chiwonetsero cha kutha kwa Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, ndipo Russian Federation (pa nthawi ya RSFSR) inadziwika kuti inali yovomerezeka mwalamulo ku dziko lonse lakale la USSR ndipo linalowetsa m'mabungwe apadziko lonse.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti RSFSR ndi chidule chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polongosola "dziko loyamba lachikhalidwe" lopambana pa dziko lapansi, ndipo kenako, limodzi la mayiko omwe amapanga USSR, amene amaloledwa ndi malamulo a dziko lathu lero.