Satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu ana. matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu

Autistic sipekitiramu - gulu la matenda yodziwika ndi matenda obadwa nawo a ankachita chikhalidwe. Mwatsoka, matenda awa zambiri amapezeka mu ana. Pankhaniyi, ndi chofunika kudziwa kuli vuto mu nthawi, chifukwa mwamsanga mwana adzalandira thandizo zofunika kwambiri, adzakhala kuthekera chilango bwino.

Autistic sipekitiramu: ndichiyani?

The matenda a "satha kulankhula bwinobwino" tsopano pa milomo aliyense. Koma si aliyense akumvetsa amanena kuti ndi zimene amayembekezera mwana autistic. matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu yodziwika ndi kuchepekedwa kwa mogwirizana chikhalidwe, mavuto anakumana ndi anthu ena, zochita kuchepa polankhula, zochepa chidwi ndi propensity kwa olakwika (zochita obwerezabwereza, ziwembu).

Malinga ndi kafukufuku ku chisokonezo zokhudza pafupifupi 2% ya ana. Pa nthawi yomweyo atsikana anapezeka ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino nthawi 4 zochepa. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, milandu kuyan'anila ngati achuluka kwambiri, ngakhale sizikumveka ngati kudwala kwenikweni kukhala wamba kapena kuwonjezeka kugwirizana ndi kusintha muyezo matenda (a zaka zingapo zapitazo odwala ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino zambiri kuika diagnoses ena, monga "akuchita misala").

Zimayambitsa matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu

Mwatsoka, chitukuko ya satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu, zimayambitsa matendawo ndi unyinji wa mfundo zina tsiku kukhala bwinobwino. Asayansi anatha kuzindikira zinthu zingapo chiopsezo, ngakhale chithunzi chonse cha limagwirira wa kudwala panobe.

• Pali chinthu chinanso cha chibadwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pakati pa abale a mwana satha kulankhula bwinobwino zosachepera 3-6% ya anthu ndi matenda omwewa. Izi zikhoza kukhala otchedwa zizindikiro zofewa wa satha kulankhula bwinobwino, monga khalidwe stereotyped, kuchepetsa zosowa kulankhulana chikhalidwe. Asayansi ngakhale anakwanitsa kupeza jini chifukwa satha kulankhula bwinobwino, ngakhale kukhalapo lake si chitsimikizo 100% pa chitukuko cha kuvutika mwa mwanayo. Akukhulupirira kuti matenda autistic kukhala zovuta pamaso pa majini osiyana ndi kanthu munthawi yomweyo zinthu za chilengedwe kunja kapena mkati.
• Zifukwa zikuphatikizapo structural ndi zinchito matenda ubongo. Kafukufuku ife tinapeza kuti ana ndi matenda otere nthawi zambiri adasandulika kapena yafupika lobes mazunzo a oziziritsa kotekisi, cerebellum, hippocampus, medial Lobe mwakanthawi. Ndi mbali imeneyi ya ubongo udindo tcheru, kalankhulidwe mtima (makamaka, maganizo anachita mu ntchito ya chikhalidwe), kuganiza, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano.
• Zinaonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi mavuto mimba. Mwachitsanzo, pakhala kulephera tizilombo chamoyo (chikuku, chikuku), toxaemia kwambiri, eclampsia ndi pathologies zina limodzi ndi hypoxia ndi yoopsa organic zotupa ubongo. Komano, chinthu ichi si chilengedwe - ana ambiri pambuyo mimba aakulu ndi kubereka kukhala ndithu bwinobwino.

zizindikiro zoyambirira za satha kulankhula bwinobwino

Kodi n'zotheka oyambirira oterewa satha kulankhula bwinobwino? Satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu matenda sali Kawirikawiri ali wakhanda. Komabe, makolo ayenera kulabadira zizindikiro chenjezo:

• Ndi mwana n'zovuta kukhazikitsa diso kukhudzana. Iye samayang'ana mu diso. No, ndi ubwenzi ndi mayi kapena bambo - mwanayo si kulira pamene achoka, musati kukoka khasu. N'zotheka kuti sakonda olimbikitsa, kundikumbatira.
• Kamwana wakonda chidole wina, ndi chidwi mokwanira chosakanikirana ndi izo.
• Pali akuchedwa chitukuko kulankhula - kwa miyezi 12-16 mwanayo si zimatulutsa phokoso khalidwe, sadzakhala kubwereza mawu ena ang'ono.
• Ana ndi ASD kawirikawiri kumwetulira.
• Ana ena mofulumira zikuchitika kunja, monga mkokomo kapena kuwala. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa hypersensitivity.
• Mwana khalidwe zosayenera kwa ana ena, salowa kukambirana kapena masewera nawo.

Mwakucimbidza ayenera kuti zizindikiro izi si makhalidwe mtheradi wa satha kulankhula bwinobwino. Nthawi zambiri chigweranso kuti zaka 2-3, ana bwinobwino kenako amayambiranso zimachitika, iwo anataya luso kale anagula. Ngati pali kukayikirana, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi katswiri - yekha dokotala akhoza kukwaniritsa matenda enieni olondola.

Zizindikiro: zimene muyenera kulabadira makolo awo?

Satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu ana kungaonekere m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Today anatsindika i angapo kuti muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kulabadira:

• Waukulu chizindikiro cha satha kulankhula bwinobwino ndi kuphwanya ankachita chikhalidwe. Anthu ndi matenda izi mwina sangathe kuzindikira chizindikiro si mawu, samaona boma, ndipo musati kusiyanitsa pakati pa maganizo a anthu ena, kuchititsa mavuto kulankhulana. Nthawi zambiri pali mavuto ndi diso kukhudzana. ana awa, ngakhale kukula, musati chidwi anthu watsopano nawo masewera. Ngakhale ubwenzi makolo, mwana zimavuta kusonyeza maganizo awo.
• mavuto kulankhula komanso alipo. The mwana amayamba kulankhula patapita nthawi yaitali, kapena si konse (malinga ndi mtundu wa kuyan'anila). Wapakamwa satha kulankhula bwinobwino nthawi zambiri ndi mawu ochepa, akuti osokonezeka, nthawi, mathero mawu, ndi zina zotero. D. Ana sindikumvetsa nthabwala, kufanizira, kutenga zonse kwenikweni. Echolalia amapezeka.
• Satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu ana akhoza kusonyeza manja uncharacteristic, kayendedwe stereotypic. Pa nthawi yomweyo n'zovuta kuphatikiza kucheza ndi manja.
• Mbali khalidwe la ana ndi matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu - dongosolo mobwerezabwereza khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wayamba ntchito mwamsanga kupita njira imodzi ndipo amakana kusiya zoipazo kumsewu wina, kapena kupita ku sitolo yatsopanoyo. Nthawi zambiri anapanga otchedwa "miyambo" Mwachitsanzo, choyamba muyenera kuika sock lamanja, ndiye yekha anachoka, kapena muyenera woyamba kuponya mu kapu ya shuga, ndi pamenepo pokha kudzaza ndi madzi, koma Mulimonsemo, osati mosemphanitsa. kupatuka aliyense ku chiwembu ndi anabereka mwana akhoza limodzi ndi kuukira mokweza, kupsa mtima, mokwiya.
• mwana akhoza kukhala Ufumuyo chidole kapena osakhala zopeka nkhani. Games nthawi zambiri mosatsata nkhani mwana Mwachitsanzo, iye si kusewera nkhondo ndi asilikali chidole, osati kumanga nyumba kwa mafumu, osati kuchotsa makina onse pa nyumba.
• Ana ndi matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu akudwala hyper- kapena hyposensitivities. Mwachitsanzo, pali ana amene anatani kwambiri kuwomba, ndipo monga taonera kale akulu ndi matenda amenewa, mapokoso okweza osati mantha awo, koma amayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri. Yemweyo akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito tilinazo kinesthetic - mwana asaone ozizira, kapena mosinthanitsa, sangathe kuyenda opanda nsapato pa udzu, monga kumverera kwa chiopsyezo wake.
• Theka la ana ndi zinthu zofanana matenda omwe anaona kudya - iwo amakaniratu kudya zakudya zina (mwachitsanzo, wofiira), ubwino mbale wina.
• Akukhulupirira kuti autistics nacho namatetule ena. maneno awa ali pachithunzichi. Ife kwambiri zinchito autistic nzeru zambiri avareji kapena pang'ono pamwamba yachibadwa. Koma pamene nizkofunktsionalnyh matenda N'kutheka kakulidwe yomweyo. % 5-10 okha a anthu ndi matenda otere ndi milingo wapatali wa nzeru.

Ana ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino sikuti ndi onse zizindikiro - mwana aliyense ali akonzedwa yake matenda ndi osiyana a mwamphamvu.

Gawo matenda autistic (Nikolskaya gulu)

Kupondelezedwa kwa satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu ndi amazipanga osiyanasiyana. Komanso, phunziro la matenda akadali kukhala mwachangu anathamangitsa, choncho pali zambiri classifications ziwembu. Mwa aphunzitsi ndi anthu ena ogwira ntchito ndi otchuka gulu la St. Nicholas, tingozitenga izo mu nkhani za madera uphungu. Autistic sipekitiramu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• Gulu loyamba amakhala ndi matenda kwabasi ndi zovuta. Ana ndi matenda amenewa kusamalira okha, iwo kulibe zonse co-ntchito ndi ena. Odwala popanda mawu n'komwe.
• Ana a gulu lachiwiri Tingaone pamaso pa makhalidwe aakulu malamulo. kusintha kulikonse kuti chiwembu cha (Mwachitsanzo, mismatch mu tsiku mwachizolowezi kapena mode kolowera) kungakhale kuukira kwa ofuna kusokonezeka. Mwanayo lotseguka ndithu, koma ndi yosavuta, anamanga pa echolalia. Ana gulu amatha kubereka luso banja.
• Gulu lachitatu amakhala ndi khalidwe lovuta kwambiri kwa ana akhoza kukhala mokhudza kwambiri za nkhani iliyonse, kupereka utuluke kudziwa Buku la zokambirana. Komano, kumanga ziwiri kukambirana kovuta mwana, ndi chidziwitso otalikirana za dziko.
• Gulu wachinayi m'banja la ana kale sachedwa sanali muyezo, ndipo ngakhale khalidwe lachibadwa, koma manyazi losonkhanitsidwa ndi manyazi, nkomwe kupita pa kukhudzana ndi satenga kanthu polimbana ndi ana ena. Iwo amavutika molongosola.

matendawa

ASPERGER syndrome - mawonekedwe apamwamba zinchito satha kulankhula bwinobwino. kuphwanya Izi ndi zosiyana kuchokera mu mawonekedwe a zachikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mwana alipo kochepa Kuchedwa kukula kulankhula. Ana otere mosavuta kupita oyandikana, angasunge kukambirana akupita, ngakhale Zikungokhala ngati monologue a. Wodwala kulankhula kwa maola za zinthu zimene chidwi ndi akumuletsa yovuta mokwanira.

Ana simusamala kusewera ndi anzawo, koma monga ulamuliro, kuchita izo unconventionally. Mwa njira, palinso clumsiness thupi. ana ndi matendawa zambiri ndi nzeru zapadera ndi kukumbukira, makamaka ngati tikulankhula za zinthu zimene iwo.

diagnostics zamakono

Satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu Nkofunika nthawi matenda. Mwamsanga amaonekera pamaso pa kuvutika mwa mwanayo, mwamsanga kudzakhala kotheka kuti ayambe kukonzedwa. alowererepo oyambirira mu chitukuko cha mwana kumawonjezera mwayi socialization bwino.

Ngati pali mwana zizindikiro pamwamba ayenera kuwona zamaganizo mwana kapena neuropsychiatrist. Monga ulamuliro, ana anati munyengo zosiyanasiyana: pamaziko zizindikiro pano katswiri akhoza kupanga nkhani pamaso pa matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu mwanayo. Koyenera ndipo kukaonana ndi madokotala ena, monga otolaryngologist kukayendera khutu wodwalayo. Akugwirira kudziwa kupezeka kwa foci khunyu, zomwe zambiri awiriawiri ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino. Nthawi zina, mankhwala mayesero chibadwa, komanso chapamwamba kwambiri (amalola kuphunzira dongosolo ubongo, kudziwa pamaso pa zotupa ndi kusintha).

mankhwala a satha kulankhula bwinobwino

Satha kulankhula bwinobwino si amenable malangizo kuchipatala. mankhwala akusonyeza kokha ngati pali matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, zina, dokotala angakupatseni phwando serotonin reuptake zoletsa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antidepressants, koma mu nkhani ya mwana autistic akhoza kuchotsa nkhawa kuchuluka, makhalidwe abwino, luso kuphunzira. Nootropics kuthandiza kuti matenda a magazi mu ubongo, kuwongolera ndende.

Pamaso pa khunyu ntchito mankhwala anticonvulsant. mankhwala Psychotropic ntchito pamene wodwala akudwala kwambiri, kumwa a mokwiya kusalankhula. Kachiwiri, onse katundu pamwamba ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi mosavuta zosiyanasiyana chokhwima owonjezera mlingo waukulu kwambiri. Choncho Mulimonsemo iwo sangathe ntchito popanda chilolezo.

Correctional ntchito ndi ana ndi matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu

Kodi kuchita ngati mwana wanu wakhala anapezeka ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino? Correctional ana pulogalamu satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu wapangidwa payekha. Mwana akusowa thandizo gulu la akatswiri, makamaka magawo ndi zamaganizo, ndi kulankhula ndi dokotala ndiponso wophunzitsa wapadera, magawo ndi zamaganizo ndi, wokhulupirira ndi thupi ndi (mu clumsiness kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa tanthauzo la umwini wa thupi). Kudzudzulidwa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, ntchito imene a. Ana amaphunzitsidwa kumva akalumikidzidwa ndi makulidwe, anapeza kuti nthawi zonse, kumva ubale, nawo, kenako kuyambitsa masewera storyline. Ana ndi matenda autistic anasonyeza makalasi mu magulu chikhalidwe luso, komwe ana kuphunzira yosewera, kutsatira malamulo chikhalidwe ndi kuthandiza kukhazikitsa dongosolo zina khalidwe anthu.

Cholinga chachikulu cha ndiyambe kulankhula ndi chitukuko cha kulankhula ndi phonemic kumva, mawu maphunziro buku la ziganizo yochepa kenako yaitali. Akatswiri kuyesera kuphunzitsa mwana kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi maganizo a mawu a munthu wina. Yotengedwa pulogalamu ya satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu amafunikira kindergartens ndi sukulu. Mwatsoka, mabungwe onse maphunziro (makamaka boma) angapereke akatswiri odziwa ntchito ndi autistic.

Pedagogy ndi maphunziro

Ntchito yaikulu ya chilango ndi kuphunzitsa mogwirizana chikhalidwe mwana, chitukuko cha luso amangosankha mowiriza khalidwe, sonyezani kanthu. Pakali pano, otchuka ndi Ponena maphunziro dongosolo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mwana ndi matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu adzaphunzitsidwa m'malo normotipicheskih ana. Ndithudi, izi "oyamba" pang'onopang'ono. Kuti akaloŵe mwanayo timu, tiyenera aphunzitsi, ndi zina namkungwi (munthu ndi maphunziro apadera ndiponso maluso amene umabweretsa mwana kusukulu, likukonza makhalidwe ake ndi oyang'anira ubale mu gulu).

Zikuoneka kuti ana ndi matendawa ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera sukulu zapadera lapansi. Komabe, pali ophunzira matenda satha kulankhula bwinobwino sipekitiramu ndi sukulu. Izi zidalira pa chikhalidwe mwanayo, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, luso lake kuphunzira.

Pakali pano, satha kulankhula bwinobwino akuti ndi matenda osachiritsika. Zoneneratu si yabwino kwa aliyense. Ana ndi mkhutu sipekitiramu autistic, koma ndi msinkhu avareji nzeru ndiponso mawu (kukula kwa zaka 6), ndi kuphunzira bwino ndi chilangizo angakhaledi kudzidalira m'tsogolo. Mwatsoka, ili sikuti kuchitika.