Soda: mankhwala chilinganizo. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi soda ndi ntchito zake

Mwina, m'nyumba iliyonse ali ndi khitchini koloko - wamba wooneka bokosi ndi powdery mankhwala. Hostess zophikira ntchito monga zowonjezera pokonzekera kuphika. Komabe, ukulu ndi waukulu chinthu akhoza bwinobwino adzatchedwa chilengedwe wothandizira munthu. Koma kodi ndi soda? Kodi mtundu ndi mmene lilili ndi ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku?

maina koloko

Akuyendera kwa katundu mankhwala koloko, ndi ofunika ponena kuti malowo - "koloko", chinthu kuwapeza dzina la chomera saltwort sodonosnaya, phulusa, amene ndi gwero la ulimi koloko.

Mu umagwirira, makeke - izo generalizes mutu ndi sodium salt asidi carbonic:

• Na ₂ NKHA ₃ (ndi sodium carbonate) - mankhwala opangidwa koloko phulusa;
• Na ₂ NKHA ₃ · 10H ₂ O - kusamba koloko;
• NaHCO ₃ - soda. Ichi ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi soda;
• Na ₂ NKHA ₃ · H ₂ O kapena Na ₂ NKHA ₃ · 7H ₂ O - mankhwala chilinganizo galasi koloko.

Tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zazing'ono makampani mankhwala ndi:

• soda;
• soda;
• ndi sodium bicarbonate;
• E500 zowonjezera;
• ndi sodium decahydrate.

Chilinganizo wazotsatira

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi soda - NaHCO _3. Izi acidic mchere asidi carbonic. Ngati inu kuwonjezera pa kulemera kwa ma atomu onse a zanyengo constituent, likukhalira kulemera atomiki wa sodium wochuluka ndi wofanana 84 a. e.

The njira ya mapangidwe ake ndi wosavuta. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi soda - ndi anzake zovuta za hydroxide ndi sodium ndi asidi carbonic:

NaOH + H ₂ NKHA ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O.

Mu umagwirira, sodium dvuuglikisly ndi zovuta za carbonate anion ndi sodium hydrogen ndi cation. Powapatsa zinthu izi mu thupi, amaonetsa asidi-m'munsi bwino ndi neutralizing ndi muyeso asidi alipo sing'anga madzi.

koloko phulusa

Mankhwala opangidwa koloko phulusa - Na2CO3. Koloko Ash - ndi woyera, granular zinthu sipangakhalenso akuimira mu mawonekedwe a pellets (A) kapena ufa (B).

Mtundu uwu wa phulusa ndi zinthu zingapo zimene kusiyanitsa koloko phulusa chakudya.

1. pH a sing'anga. Ndipo chakudya ndi koloko phulusa - ndi zamchere, koma choyamba - otsika, ndi pH = 8, ndipo chachiwiri - mkulu, ndi pH = 11. chikhalidwe cha sing'anga ndi chilinganizo mankhwala zikusonyeza koloko luso.
2. Mbali. Soda ntchito kuphika, mafuta odzola ndi mankhwala. Koloko ntchito monga ogwira wothandizila kuyeretsa.

Mu banja ntchito koloko phulusa akhoza kukhala:

• chinkhoswe mu kutsuka ntchito monga detergent zovala;
• kusambitsa pansi, koma chida ichi si oyenera laminate ndi parquet yazokonza pansi, ndipo mwina kusokoneza ❖ kuyanika;
• kuchotsa chitoliro blockages;
• Nkhani oyera zadothi.

Pamene ntchito koloko phulusa ayenera kusamala kwambiri chifukwa mankhwala kwambiri poizoni zokhudza gulu lachitatu la wothandizira woopsawo.

The thupi katundu wa soda

Sodium bicarbonate ndi woyera powdery mankhwala. Izi zinthu zovuta sodium, hayidirojeni, kaboni ndi oxygen.

Ndi ufa kachulukidwe wofanana 2,16 g / masentimita ^3.

Pamene kutentha chizindikiro ⁵⁰ -60 ^C. mankhwala ayamba kusungunuka.

Sodium bicarbonate kapena soda ukufanizidwa mu mawonekedwe a mkaka wa ufa. Mu malo m'madzi mwangwiro sungunuka. Zilibe kuwotcha. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi soda ndi zofanana ndi za chakudya.

koloko njira

Soda - mankhwala kuti amasungunula kwathunthu mu madzi, chifukwa mu njira koloko. Izo ntchito zolinga ukhondo monga mouthwash a.

Chemical chilinganizo koloko yankho ili:

NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O = H ₂ NKHA ₃ + NaOH.

The amadzimadzi koloko njira zozindikira khalidwe ofooka zofunika.

Sodium dvuuglikisly dissociates mu amadzimadzi njira kupanga ayoni zotsatirazi:

Na ₂ NKHA ₃ ↔ 2Na ^{+ +} CO3 ^2-

Katundu koloko monga soda

Monga tanenera poyamba, ndi carbonate ndi sodium wa hydrogen ndi chinthu zamchere. Zimenezi zimakhudza ntchito ya soda ngati njira n'chongoletsa acidity wa thupi, makamaka m'mimba. Zinthu zimene zimapanga nkhani, ndi kukhudzana otetezeka.

Koloko impso operability bwino chifukwa derivable mkodzo ali ndi sing'anga zamchere. Komanso, amaziyang'anira chofunika kuchuluka kwa glutamic AK mu thupi, amene chindiletsa maonekedwe a dongosolo mwala mu impso.

Zamchere chilengedwe amathandiza bwino chimbudzi cha mavitamini ena B: B1, B4, B5, B6 ndi B12.

Pamene koloko ntchito chimbudzi wabwino kuphatikiza ndi mkaka otentha. Zimenezi chakuti yaing'ono intestine koloko amachitira ndi kwa amino zidulo mkaka, zomwe zingadzetse kwa amino asidi ndi sodium mchere wokhala chilengedwe zamchere. zidulo izi kwa amino ali bwino kuposa koloko, kulowa m'magazi, potero kuwonjezeka nkhokwe zamchere thupi.

caustic koloko

Mankhwala opangidwa koloko caustic - NaOH. Kandalama chilinganizo: Na - O - H.

Kulemera zinthu maselo zimapanga thupi atomiki zigawo zake constituent Na, O ndi H. ndi wofanana 40.

Caustic mwangwiro sungunuka m'madzi.

Makampani poyerekezera ndi mtundu wa koloko mayina zotsatirazi ntchito:

• caustic koloko;
• hydroxide ndi sodium;
• hydroxide ndi sodium.

Pamene akugwira koloko caustic n'kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodzitetezera zovala, monga pokhudzana ndi khungu amachoka mu zilonda zamoto.

Koloko osakaniza ndi viniga

Chemical chilinganizo viniga ndi soda ndi Kuthetsa anachita popanga madzi, mpweya woipa ndi acetic asidi mchere.

Izi zimachitikira "ndi" akubwera limodzi ndi hiss khalidwe, zimene zikusonyeza chiyambi cha "moto" koloko.

Zimenezi ikuchitika mu ntchito zophikira, pamene anafuna uukande kwa kuphika. Viniga ichi atengedwa mu ndende ya 9%. Acid analogue angakhale mandimu, apulo cider kapena vinyo wosasa.

Ndiye n'chifukwa agwire anachita mu yokonza mayeso? Chinthu ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpweya woipa koloko amapereka mayesero ulemerero.

Kupeza mankhwala

Kamodzi yotengedwa koloko phulusa zomera halophytes sodonosnoy. Panopa maziko yokonza mankhwala ndi zachilengedwe ndi sodium sulphate. Kukonzekera anachita ndi motere, kumene kumanja chimaonetsedwa koloko mankhwala chilinganizo:

Na _{2 4} + 3C + 2O ₂ = 2Na ₂ NKHA ₃ + NKHA ₂ + 2SO _2;
CaCO ₃ + C + Na _{2 4} = Na ₂ NKHA ₃ + 4CO + CaS.

Ntchito soda

Koloko chotchuka kwambiri mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, osati monga chigawo zophikira. Koma tione nthawi imene phulusa ntchito.

1. Kuyamba ndi kamodzinso amatchula kuti koloko - chigawo chakudya mu ntchito zophikira. ntchito yake si mwachisawawa: ndi Kutentha pawiri angathe kumasuka mpweya woipa nthunzi, womwe amapereka mayesero airiness. Pankhaniyi koloko amachita monga disintegrant a. Koma ngati inu kugula thumba sitolo ndi ufa pastry kuphika, ndiye phukusi mu mzere angazindikire pamaso pa koloko, amene anatchulidwa monga chakudya zowonjezera E500.
2. Gwiritsani soda ndi zakumwa enaake.
3. Nthawi zambiri, koloko ntchito otchedwa "wowerengeka" mankhwala. M'dera ichi, mutuluka koloko mankhwala pafupifupi matenda aliwonse Mwachitsanzo, kugwira kwake chimene chasonyeza kuti kutentha, chifuwa, kupweteka pakhosi, m'mimba, pa kutentha okwera.
4. Anachita bwino ndi soda ngati wothandizira kuyeretsa. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza ware ukhondo, ataikamo zotayidwa, mbale, makalapeti, siliva ndi zovala. thunthu ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wabwino ndi antifungal.
5. akazi ambiri ntchito soda popanga zodzoladzola ndi ukhondo. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wokolopa kwa khungu. Kumatanthauza chabwino kupulumutsa ku mapazi khungu akhakula ngati ntchito osambira phazi. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa fungo la thukuta m'dera underarm, kapena nsapato.

Amathandiza koloko ndipo oyeretsa mano. Ichi ndi mtengo koma ogwira njira. koloko ufa ndi wothira otsukira mkamwa ndi madzi kapena kayendedwe zofewa anachita dzino kuyeretsa.

Caustic koloko: ntchito

Ntchito mtundu wa koloko ayenera limodzi ndi miyeso ena chitetezo monga caustic koloko - amphamvu soda kuti angathe "kudya kutali" zosiyanasiyana pamalo.

Kodi akhoza kukhala zothandiza mu mawu caustic banja?

1. Caustic uzigwirizana ndi zosafunika osiyana pa mbale. Koma m'pofunika kupewa ntchito wothandizila izi zopangidwa zopangidwa zotayidwa ndi Teflon. Koma kwa otsalawo miphika, ziwaya kapena trays kuphika - chonde. Nagar, lonse, yatsekera zigawo za mafuta - zonse ndi zosavuta kusamalira caustics.
2. Caustic koloko angathetse vuto la mipope yatsekera. Inu muyenera kudzaza thunthu granular mu chubu ndi kusiya kwa kanthawi, ndiye muzimutsuka ndi madzi.

Caustic koloko, amatchedwanso koloko caustic, ndi ambiri applicable pamlingo mafakitale zosiyanasiyana za ulimi.

1. Yomanga. Apa, chinthu ntchito kuti mitundu ina ya zomangamanga, komanso akutumikira monga chigawo zina lolimbitsa maziko chachikulu nyumba ya.
2. Makampani chakudya. Caustic koloko ntchito ndi chakudya kupanga. Inde, Pankhaniyi ntchito woipa otsika. Ndi kutenga mbali ake kubala koko ufa, chocolate, ayisikilimu, caramel, mkate kuphika, izo ntchito monga zowonjezera E524.
3. Nsalu makampani. M'dera lino, caustic koloko lipindulitsa pa nsalu oyeretsa ndi kusinthika kwa mankhwala mphira.
4. Chemical kupanga: caustic koloko ntchito monga neutralizers asidi, amatanthauza kukonza mafuta ndi mankhwala ofotokoza. Kupanga mafuta mafakitale simungakhoze kuchita popanda Kuwonjezera koloko caustic. Komanso, sodium hydroxide - ndi chothandizira wabwino wa ena zochita mankhwala.
5. Oyenera caustic koloko kwa kupanga sopo ndi kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sopo, mankhwala ochapira tsitsi ndi angakhale angelo.

Koloko phulusa: ntchito

Koloko phulusa amatchedwanso nsalu. ankafuna Special kwa malo ili nazo mu Soviet Union Choncho, tinganene kuti: koloko zovala ndi nthawi anayesedwa.

Njira ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Pa zinthu zovalazo.
2. Pamene kukonza pamalo a matailosi, stoneware akalekale.
3. Pamene inu kuchotsa blockage mu machubu.
4. Kuthetsa mukhale chopondapo mu ng'oma ya makina ochapira, komanso pa mbale.
5. Kwa chiwonongeko cha tizilombo minda.

Kuyambira takambiranazi, mapeto akusonyeza palokha: koloko mosalekeza chida ntchito m'madera ambiri a moyo zoweta ndi mafakitale.

The wabwino zakuthupi ndi mfundo zimene mungagule kwa makobidi chabe.