Cicero - wandale, wogwira, tchire

Cicero ... adjectives sikokwanira chinenero Russian kuti pofotokoza kwambiri Roma wogwira, States, tchire zodabwitsa.

zofunika

Zikomo ntchito amene analemba Cicero, - boma, malamulo a mafumu ndi mafumu a ofufuza masiku ano kufotokoza molondola zochitika za nthawi.

The kwambiri Roma tchire anaphunzitsa nzeru pa kumasulira kwake wapadera, ndipo izo anayambitsa angapo mfundo zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, tanthauzo - mndandanda wa zizindikiro ofotokozera za chinthu chilichonse; patsogolo - kukwera, kuyendera, ndi zina zotero.

Chiyambi cha nthawi ya Stoicism

Imodzi mwa oimira wotchuka kwambiri wa nzeru la Asitoiki anali Cicero. Analankhula kwambiri zoti yekha wosangalala si kanthu koma khalidwe la munthu. Makhalidwe a kumvetsa Cicero kuika ngati makhalidwe monga nzeru, kulimba mtima, chilungamo, kudziletsa pa zochita zonse.

Motero, kupyolera mwa ziphunzitso zake ndi maganizo a munthu wanzeru Roma ndinayesa mukumvetsa, chimene ndi yankho ku vuto la kukumana kwa phindu lenileni ndi udindo abwino. Kumvetsa pa nkhani imeneyi, Cicero anazindikira kuti kuphunzira nzeru zopindulitsa.

Culture of Ancient Rome: aesthetics, kukongola ndi waluso polankhula

malo Abwino ndi chidziwitso nzeru zapamwamba panali mgwirizano indissoluble pakati waluso polankhula ndi makhalidwe abwino yapamwamba ya makhalidwe ochititsa munthu. Kutengera pa kupezeka kwa makhalidwe deta, monga Cicero, iye akanakhoza kutenga ndithu wogwira moyo wabwino.

Pa mtima wa nzeru Roma kutchera maziko a chikhalidwe wakale Greek. Cicero analankhula za kumvetsa woona nthanthi ganizo za maganizo nkhani yake chimapangitsa kuti zimadalira waluso polankhula chenicheni - ayenera kukhala iliyonse kudziletsa kulemekeza Roma. Kuphunzira luso la kulankhula - zofunikira kwa anthu Roma.

Pamodzi ndi nzeru zapamwamba wodziŵa anatsindika kufunika kukongola abwino. "N'zosatheka kukwaniritsa maganizo kwambiri ndi chidziwitso chowona, ngati maganizo ako mosalekeza titsatire zolinga zopanda pake", - anati Cicero.

zolembalemba cholowa

Kuwonjezera kuganiza mwakuya Cicero wasiya wolemera zolembalemba cholowa. N'zosatheka kufotokoza voliyumu ya essays malankhulidwe ndi zilembo; ambiri anazindikira pa moyo wake, ambiri osindikizidwa zaka zochepa chabe. Ambiri ntchito akunenedwa kwa anthu mwachindunji - abwenzi wogwira Tito Pomponius ndi Marcus Tullius Tiro. A okwana pamanja pafupifupi 57 anasunga, umboni anecdotal zambiri anatayika.

A dziko yaikulu cholowa ntchito zingapo zomwe zili nthanthi: buku lakuti "Pa wogwira", "wokamba" ndi "Brutus". Apa Cicero za njira yabwino maphunziro ndi maluso a oratory kuphunzitsa, komanso mafunso ya woyankhula akuganizira kalembedwe payekha.

Ndi chapadera ntchito zili ndale. The odziwika bwino lero ndi ntchito "Pa State", "Malamulo". Apa Cicero, amene yonena zikuphatikizapo zinachitikira kasamalidwe, analankhula za kapangidwe ka boma abwino. Maganizo Waika aliyense ntchito yake, akhala akuyendera mwa malamulo Roma: kuphatikiza bwino matupi monga Senate, kazembe ndi khamu dziko.

Kulemba Patapita ntchito Cicero ntchito chinenero Latin monga njira yaikulu yofuna njira zothetsera mavuto akatswiri wakale Greek. A zambiri zikhoza podcherpnut makalata nzeru zapamwamba kuti analembera umunthu odziwika. Anakhalabe za 4 makalata msonkhano.

Ubwino nzeru m'tsogolo

Chifukwa katswiri wa nyengo Roma anabadwa tingachipeze powerenga Latin zopeka impregnated wisdoms wa oratory, komanso kwambiri nthanthi lingaliro. Ngati poyamba pa gululi zolembalemba kucheza ndi pang'ono chidwi, koma m'nthawi zotsatirazi kuti ankaona labwino ndipo ambiri zolondola.

Atamwalira Cicero poyerekeza ndi ambiri okamba, amene anali Demosthenes wotchuka - nthumwi ya chikhalidwe cha Agiriki ndi oratory. Pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 100, chitsanzo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta ndi chidwi.

Nzeru za Marcus Tullius anayamikira osati mu nthawi yathu ino, koma Zapakati, finicky, ndi yonyezimira Chatsopano Times, kumene kuzindikira maganizo a kale panopa anali m'chipani. Cicero ankakhulupirira kuti muyezo waukulu ndi kufunika kwa anthu mapangidwe ake, zomwe zitha kuperekedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Agiriki. Iye adayamba ntchito mawu amenewa ponena kuti humanitas ophunzira bwino kuwerenga ndi wophunzira aliyense lonse, ali ndi makhalidwe ena abwino.