Kusainira kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka Germany. Mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

May 9, 1945 - tsiku izi ndi bwino kuti aliyense wokhala mwa Russia zamakono Soviet Union monga tsiku la chigonjetso chachikulu pa Fascism. Mwatsoka, mabuku a mbiri yakale si nthawi zonse m'mbali, izi zimathandiza olemba mbiri ena akumadzulo kwa Ulaya kusokoneza zinthu. Kusaina kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka Germany chinachitika pang'ono mosiyana ife tonse tikudziwa kuchokera m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, koma sasintha chithunzi patsogolo ndi zotsatira za nkhondo yoopsayo.

zolawula

Red Army m'nyengo yozizira ya zaka 43-44 athamangisa Germany kumalire pa amadzibisa onse. nkhondo aukali ayesa magulu ankhondo, komanso kulenga mavuto asilikali Soviet. Anamasulidwa Karelia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, kunachitika mu njira ya 1944, Red Army anafika malire a dziko wankhanza. Kusaina kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka Germany zili mkudza, makilomita wotopa ya ulendo wa asilikali ayenera tipezenso mphamvu kwa nkhondo yomaliza. Kutenga Berlin wakhala nkhani kutchuka kwa dziko lathu, kuchita zimenezi ndi ogwirizana. January 1945 anali nthawi palibe kubwerera kwa Anazi, nkhondo chinatayika kwathunthu, koma analimbana koopsa iwo kunja kwa mzinda wa Berlin. Chilengedwe cha ambiri zokhalamo, kukonzanso mayunitsi ankhondo, ndi chidule cha kugawikana pa East Front - Hitler amatenga zimenezi kuti asiye asilikali Soviet. Mu gawo izo amalowerera sachedwa ndi katapila Berlin, ndi kulephereka kwa February kuti April 1945. opaleshoni mosamala anakonza ndipo anakonza, kwa amadzibisa patsogolo kukokera pamodzi nkhokwe zonse zitheka ndi zida. Kuyambira 16 April 17, 1945 kuukira likulu la Germany limayamba ndi ziŵiri - woyamba Chibelarusi (polimbana Zhukov Georgiy Konstantinovich) ndi Chiyukireniya choyamba (. Chapter Commander Konev Ivan Stepanovich), wachiwiri Chibelarusi Front (Rokossovskiy Konstantin Konstantinovich) ndikusonyeza chilengedwe mzinda ndi kuteteza kuyesa kubooleza. Ngati kuti panali zoopsa zaka zinayi nkhondo, ovulala ananyamuka ntchito pa Berlin, ngakhale kukana woyaka moto wa Nazi, chinapululutsa kulimbitsa, aliyense ankadziwa kuti ndi njira chigonjetso. Only ndi usana pa May 2 45 chaka likulu la ulamuliro wa Hitler anagwera mu chete wathunthu, zotsalira za asilikali a linagonja ndipo mbendera Soviet m'malo swastika pa zotsalira za nyumba anawononga.

ogwirizana

M'chaka cha 1944 akuyamba massaging pasadakhale anagwirizana asilikali ku mbali ya kumadzulo. Iwo makamaka oyambitsidwa ndi alimbane kwambiri mofulumira ya Red Army pa kutalika lonse la kutsogolo kum'mawa. The ikamatera ankafika pa Norman, njira mabomba a waukulu madera mafakitale ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler, ntchito asilikali m'dera la Belgium, France ndi Germany, kwambiri kusokoneza zinthu za Nazi Germany. Occupation m'dera Ruhr, kum'mwera kwa Austria analoledwa patsogolo kwambiri m'dziko la akagwiriridwa lapansi. Msonkhano lodziwika bwino la asilikali Soviet ndipo anagwirizana pa Elbe mtsinje April '45 kwenikweni sitepe lomaliza nkhondo. The capitulation wa Nazi ku Germany, kumakhaladi nkhani ya nthawi, makamaka chifukwa ena mwa wayamba kale zina mwa magulu ankhondo a Wehrmacht. M'maonekedwe ndale maganizo, ndi adani a Berlin anafunika ogwirizana mu njira yomweyo monga Soviet Union, Yehova mobwerezabwereza za Eisenhower. atagwira wa amanyansidwa uyu anali theoretically zotheka m'madera zogwiritsidwa ya British, America ndi ku Canada. Pambuyo zinalephereka Ardennes potsimikizira-mseru asilikali German kwawo pafupifupi amadzibisa zonse popanda kumenyana aukali, akuyesera kuti aponyere nkhondowo-angathe kugwirizana kum'mawa. Hitler kwenikweni wathawa pa ogwirizana wa USSR, khama potumiza kuletsa Red Army. Kutsogolo wachiwiri unali kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, lamulo la Mgwirizano wa mankhwala sanafune zomvetsa katundu pakati pa asilikali ake pa kuukira bwino zokhalamo Berlin ndi midzi yake.

Germany

Hitler anadikira mpaka mapeto a kugawanika kwa Mgwirizano ndi kusintha pa mzere kutsogolo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti msonkhano zotsatira mu tsamba latsopano anagwirizana nkhondo USSR. Pamene ziyembekezo ake sali anakumana anaganiza kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi United States ndi ku Great Britain, amene adzapereka mwayi kutseka ndi kutsogolo chachiwiri. zokambirana akhala analepheretsa chifukwa yake analandira monga nzeru Soviet. Mfundo imeneyi inapita patsogolo kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa Red Army ndi kuteteza kuthekera womaliza mtendere osiyana. Ogwirizana anali motsimikiza amaumirira kugwilizana ndi mapangano a Yalta, amene ankatanthauza kusaina kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka Germany. "Pass" Berlin, Hitler anali wokonzeka asilikali Anglo-American kutero iye analephera chifukwa cha lamulo Soviet. Chokhumudwitsacho ndi mphepo likulu la ulamuliro wa Hitler anayamba asilikali amalemekeza. Nazi motentheka kumbuyo, sanapeze abwerere, ikuyandikira kwa mzindawo unakhala madera amphamvu ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri.

The Conference Yalta

Chachikulu zolawula pa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kutsogolo momveka bwino kuti Anazi amene ali pafupi okwana capitulation la Germany. 1945 (chiyambi chake) Hitler sanadzisiyira mwayi kupambana ndi kuthekera nkhondo yaitali pa amadzibisa onse. Odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano ankadziwa kufunika njira anavomera mtendere Kupititsa ndi ndale kusinthika mu ukapolo Europe. The oimira mlingo wokweretsa wa anagwirizana mphamvu zitatu mu February 1945 anasonkhana Yalta. Stalin, Roosevelt ndi Churchill kudziwa zam'tsogolo osati la Germany, Poland, Italy ndi France, iwo analenga latsopano European ochititsa kuti chipangizo kuti anaona pa zaka 40 lotsatira. Inde, zinthu izi, palibe mayiko sakanakhoza ulembedwe mawu awo, kotero zotsatira za msonkhano umenewu pang'ono zinakwaniritsa zofunika za atsogoleri. Koma nkhani yaikulu inali kuwonongedwa kwa Fascism ndi dziko, kuopsa ankhanza amenewa anamuzindikira ndi gulu lonse.

kukonzekera chikalata

Kusaina kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka Germany anali mu 1945, koma ngakhale mu 1943, asilikali a chikalata ichi chakhala anavomera ndi mayiko onse odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. The Mlengi wa chilengedwe chake chinali Roosevelt, chikalata yokha linapangidwa ndi thandizo la komiti yolangiza wopangidwa mwa akatswiri European. lemba la asilikali anali yaikulu kwambiri ndipo anali ndi chenjezo kwambiri m'chilengedwe, kotero mu choona capitulation German yosainidwa pambuyo yokonza ndi chikalata zosiyana. alonda American anabwera chitukuko ku usilikali, mwangwiro wanzeru mbali. The mfundo zisanu ndi imodzi kwa bukuli zili zofunika zenizeni, zina madeti ndi njira vuto la kuphwanya pachinthu chilichonse, amene anali wotchuka.

tsankho kudzipereka

Ikuluikulu mayunitsi lankhondo la Wehrmacht anagonja kwa asilikali anagwirizana pamaso pangano yosainidwa pa achifasizimu zonse kugonja. magulu German ndipo makamu anayesa kubooleza kumadzulo, kuti amenyane Russian. lamulo awo ankadziwa kuti nkhondo yatha, ndi pogona angakapeze okha Pololera America ukapolo wa Britain. Makamaka gulu la asilikali SS, wotchuka chifukwa nkhanza ku Soviet Union, kuthawa mofulumira patsogolo Russian. Mlandu kugonja zinalembedwa April 29, 1945 mu Italy. Mulole asilikali Soviet wa 2 wa anagonja mudzi wa Berlin, Germany ndi asilikali apanyanja pa May 4 Denmark, Netherlands anagonjera ku British, 5 May, Army Gulu "G" wodzipereka, asanafike ku America Austria.

Nkhani yoyamba

May 8, 1945 - tsiku ili mu Europe akuti ndi Tsiku kugonjetsa Fascism. Iye sanasankhe mwangozi, mu oimira mfundo za boma latsopano la Germany anasaina kugonja pa May 7 ndi kulowa mphamvu pa chikalata ndinali tsiku lotsatira. Asilikali Friedeburg monga mbali ya nthumwi German ku Rhine, zomwe zinali zochokera likulu Eisenhower maganizo capitulation May 5, 1945. Nazi anayamba malonda ndi mayiko, pa mawu a chikalatacho, kuyesera kuti agule nthawi ndi kubweretsa asilikali ochuluka ndi anthu wamba a kumadzulo mzere kutsogolo, pamene konse kutha ankafuna m'mbuyo asilikali Soviet motsogozedwa kum'mawa. Eisenhower mwamukaniratu zonse zonena za anthu a ku Germany, zokha ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu ndi chopanda malire a Germany ndi kusaina chikalata ndi magulu onse mkangano. May 6 pa Rhine akhala chifukwa cha oimira anagwirizana asilikali onse. M'mabukhu mbiri Soviet sizisonyeza amene anasaina kuchita capitulation la Germany mu chimake choyamba, koma mayina a anthu awa anapulumuka ku Soviet Union - General Susloparov, ku magulu a adani - General Smith, ku Germany - General Jodl, asilikali Friedeburg.

Stalin

Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov anali membala wa ntchito Soviet ku likulu la ogwirizana, kotero musanayambe kuika siginecha anu pa Nkhani anadutsa mfundo Moscow. Yankho anabwera mochedwa, koma m'malo mwake chachinayi zimatanthauza kuthekera Kukonzanso Baibulo pachiyambi, ndipo izi anatenga Stalin. Iye anaumirira kukonzanso kusaina chikalata, monga mfundo zifukwa zotsatirazi anapatsidwa:

1. Nazi pambuyo kusaina kugonja akupitiriza yogwira kumbuyo ntchito asilikali pa kutsogolo kum'mawa.
2. Iye Ufumuyo wofunika kwambiri kwa Stalin ndi kumene capitulation German yosainidwa. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu maganizo ake, n'koyenera yekha likulu la boma wogonjetsedwa.
3. Susloparov analibe mphamvu kusaina chikalata ichi.

Adani anagwirizana ndi maganizo ake, tiwonjezere kwenikweni anali kubwereza kwa ndondomeko, amene sasintha zomwenso ake.

The capitulation la Germany

Tsiku ratification wa mgwirizanowo m'mbuyomu chinali May 8, 1945. Mu maola 22 Mphindi 43 pa nthawi pa ndondomeko European ya kusainira agonje linamalizidwa mu Moscow anali kale tsiku lotsatira. N'chifukwa chake mmawa wa May 9 pa dera la USSR anatsimikizidwa mapeto a nkhondo ndi kugonjetsa wathunthu wa Nazi ku Germany. Ndipotu, chikalatacho yosainidwa popanda kusintha kwakukulu pa lamulo Soviet izo walemba polimbana Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, ndi anagwirizana mphamvu - polimbana Arthur Tedder, ku Germany - mkulu wapamwamba wa Wehrmacht Wilhelm Keitel, msilikali-General Stumpf Luftwaffe, yapamadzi Adm Friedeburg. Monga mboni anali General Lattre de A Tassigny (France), General Spaatz (USA).

Nkhondo

magulu ambiri lopondereza sanazindikire capitulation ndipo anapitiriza kulimbana Soviet (m'gawo la Austria ndi Czechoslovakia), kuyembekeza kuti kubooleza kumadzulo ndi kudzipereka kwa adani. anayesa kuwononga anaimitsidwa ndi chiwonongeko cha Adani, kotero leni ntchito zankhondo ikuchitika pa East Front mpaka May 19, 1945. Pafupifupi miliyoni 1.5 asilikali German ndipo 100 akazembe anagonja kwa mphamvu Soviet pambuyo May 8. Chiwerengero cha kugunda osakwatira chinali chapadera, anamwazikana mdani mphamvu zambiri anakaniza asilikali athu, choncho mndandanda wa anthu amene anaphedwa mu nkhondo oopsa si tsiku la 9 May. Poti mtendere pakati pa zipani yaikulu mkangano sichinachitikepo pa nthawi imakhala ya "capitulation la Germany." tsiku A kuti udzathetsa kwa atasemphana nkhondo, adzafika yekha mu June 1945. Pa nthawi imeneyo, adzakhululukidwa wasenza ndi anasaina chikalata, ozikidwa pa positi-nkhondo dziko ulamuliro mfundo.

chigonjetso

Levitan analengeza kuti kudzakhala Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, May 9, 1945. Lero ndi chikondwelero chigonjetso loloseredwa Soviet anthu pa Nazi Germany. Ndiyeno, ndipo tsopano zilibe kanthu kodi chiwerengero izo anasaina capitulation, 7 kapena 8, chinthu chachikulu n'chakuti ya kusainira chikalatacho. mitundu yambiri zowawa pankhondo imeneyi, koma Russian nthawizonse kunyadira chakuti panali wosweka ndi anamasula dziko lawo ndiponso ku Ulaya. Chigonjetso kunali kovuta, ndalama mamiliyoni ambiri moyo, ndi udindo wa munthu aliyense zamakono - kuteteza zisadzachitikenso zimenezo tsoka. Kusaina kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka Germany kunachitika kawiri, koma tanthauzo la chikalata ichi ndi wapadera.