Tsatanetsatane wa galimoto, zinthu za kunja ndi mkati. chipangizo galimoto

Automotive kusiyana mofulumira: umisiri watsopano, kuwonjezera liwiro ndi flotation makina, yafupika mavuto awo chilengedwe, kuwonjezeka mlingo wa chitetezo, chifukwa zamagetsi, dalaivalayo akapatsidwa ntchito ochepa. Mfundo chipangizo ichi galimoto amakhalabe sichinasinthe. Ambiri masuku pamutu makina, musati ngakhale kwenikweni kudziŵa zimene anapanga ndi momwe ntchito. Inde, ndicho chododometsa. Lero tiona mbali yaikulu ya galimoto, kapena kani, zigawo zikuluzikulu ndiponso ikuluikulu.

Pali atatu kapangidwe yokonzera magalimoto, umene uli mbali liwulo a galimoto. Iye ali kutsogolo, kumbuyo ndiponso wathunthu. Galimoto idzafotokoza zotsatirazi:

1. Thupi.
2. Galimotoyo.
3. Njinga.
4. Kufala.
5. Chiwongolero.
6. Dongosolo ananyema.
7. Magetsi.

Nthawi zina ziwalo za galimoto anawagawira penapake mosiyana, mwachitsanzo kaphatikizidwe wa galimotoyo, HIV, chiwongolero ndi dongosolo ananyema mu gulu limodzi la asilikali, amatchedwa "galimotoyo". Koma chofunika akanali yemweyo. Uliwonse kwa zinthu mwatsatanetsatane.

thupi

Thupi - uyu si chipolopolo wokongola galimoto, komanso mbali akuthandiza. Ndi thupi la makina amakono ndi kuliika pafupifupi mwatsatanetsatane. Pa ena SUVs ndi magalimoto galimotoyo amachita ntchito ya chimango wapadera. Mu magalimoto zonyamula anthu kuchokera ake yaitali anasiyidwa chifukwa cha tiganizira kuchepetsa thupi. Tsatanetsatane wa thupi galimoto:

• spars (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo);
• denga;
• injini chipinda;
• kuwonjezera pa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

mugawo ili ndi makonzedwe kwambiri, chifukwa ziwalo zonse za thupi ndi ogwirizana. Makoma mbali zambiri amaphatikiza chidutswa chimodzi ndi pansi kapena welded thereto. Iwo ndi mbali ya zogwiriziza kuyimitsidwa. zinthu kulumikizidwa kwa thupi galimoto awa akuimira zitseko, bonnet, jombo chivindikiro ndi mapiko. Mu ogwiririra uyu kumbuyo zambiri welded kuti chimango, ndipo kutsogolo ndi zochotseka. Pa nsana mungapeze mkulu-gloss, matte kapena mbali galimoto chrome (amangomvera, zizindikiro, zokongoletsera zinthu, etc.).

galimotoyo

Galimotoyo tichipeza kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa, axles galimoto ndi njinga. Ambiri magalimoto amakono okonzeka ndi kutsogolo palokha kuyimitsidwa mtundu "McPherson". Iwo amalola kuti asamuke mu galimoto asavutike ngati nkotheka. Independent kuyimitsidwa zikutanthauza kuti pa gudumu amamangiriridwa thupi payokha. Pankhani ya yozungulira, ndi kale ntchito. Komabe, pa magalimoto ambiri akadali anaikidwa pa nsana. Yozungulira kuyimitsidwa akhoza anachita mu mawonekedwe a mtengo okhwima, kapena - zinachitikira kumbuyo magalimoto gudumu galimoto - mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo chogwira matayala pagalimoto.

galimoto

Engine - gwero la mphamvu mawotchi. Iye, nayenso amalenga kutsinde makokedwe, chimene chimatichititsa gudumu. Kawirikawiri, galimoto ya lili kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, koma nthawi zina ndi kuika kumbuyo. Komanso pa mkati kuyaka injini (Ice), palinso magetsi ndi hybrid Motors.

Ayezi mankhwala mphamvu kuwapeza ndondomeko kuyaka ndi n'kukhala mphamvu mawotchi. The mkati kuyaka injini ndi pisitoni, chopangira mphamvu ndi makina-pisitoni. Today ntchito makamaka pisitoni galimoto.

Makina, amene anathamangitsidwa ndi galimoto magetsi, magalimoto magetsi amatchedwa. Pankhaniyi, mabatire kwa zikamera wa mphamvu.

The injini hybrid Chili eni kuyaka injini ndi magetsi. am'derali kumachitika mwa jenereta lapansi. mtundu uwu ndi wopambana zingamuthandize, chifukwa, pa dzanja limodzi, amachita zoipa zochepa chilengedwe kuposa injini kuyaka mkati, ndi pa zina - sikutanthauza pafupipafupi recharging, monga galimoto magetsi.

HIV

Tipitirize surfactants kuphunzira mbali galimoto ndipo pochitika ndimakokedwe. Cholinga chachikulu cha chinthu ichi - kulanda makokedwe ku galimoto kutsinde kwa mawilo a galimoto. HIV imakhala:

1. Zowalamulira.
2. Gearboxes (KPP).
3. Thamangitsani chitsulo chogwira matayala.
4. SHRUS (mathamangidwe zonse mafupa) kapena driveline.

Lumikiza anaikira kulumikiza galimoto kutsinde ndi kutsinde mphaka ndi yosalala kulanda makokedwe therebetween. Kufala, nayenso amachepetsa katundu pa galimoto ndi kusankha chiŵerengero abwino. Pankhani ya kutsogolo gudumu pagalimoto chitsulo chogwira matayala yakwera mu gearbox nyumba. Ngati galimoto ali kumbuyo-gudumu galimoto, izo ili kumbuyo ndi zinanso monga mtengo wa. CV zimfundo ndi driveline zifunika kuti kusamutsa makokedwe ku magudumu ndi CPT lapansi.

Utsogoleri

Udindo wa gudumu zimadalira ngodya za kasinthasintha wa mawilo. Pa ndondomeko imeneyi ikufanana ndi dongosolo chiwongolero. Ngati pali chinachake cholakwika, galimoto amakhala unmanageable, izo angakhale ndi zotsatira sizingasinthe. A chiwongolero actuator ndipo imakhala limagwirira a. Pamene gudumu ukusandulika, yapadera chionetsero samatha gudumu pa ngodya yoyenera. Pakali pano, mitundu itatu ya asilikali chiwongolero kufalitsa "nyongolotsi-kanema", "mafupa okhaokha-gawo" ndi "wononga-mtedza". nkhawa Large galimoto ntchito mwakhama pa m'malo kachitidwe makina lotsogolera kuti amagetsi. M'malo actuators ndi kulumikizana zidzalamulira wagawo, amene mwa galimoto magetsi adzakhala atembenuza mawilo.

dongosolo braking

Monga mukuonera, galimoto si moperewera mbali. Komabe, ena mwa iwo ngati breakage kubweretsa mavuto okha, ndipo ena - kungakudyereni moyo. Ndi ku dama ananyema. Akuimira dongosolo ongokhala zingapo zipangizo ndi zigawo, amene pamodzi cholinga kuchedwetsa ndi kusiya makina.

Mfundo dongosolo ananyema lagawidwa pawiri: utumiki ndi magalimoto. Monga mukuonera pa mutu, woyamba ndi kuchepetsa liwiro ndi oyima makina. Kuyimitsa dongosolo amasunga galimoto mu oyimitsira lapansi. zigawo zikuluzikulu dongosolo ananyema awa akuimira zinthu: zimbale, ng'oma, zonenepa, zotchinga ndi abulusa.

gawo la mikango magalimoto amakono okonzeka ndi mabuleki mikangano, amene ntchito zachokera ntchito mphamvu kukhululukirana. Mwachitsanzo, ziyangoyango n'kupuma opaka ndi mawilo ikuyenda. Mphamvu imafalikira ku ngo kuti ziyangoyango mwa dongosolo hayidiroliki.

zamagetsi

Zikuphatikizapo zinthu ngati galimoto:

1. Battery.
2. Jenereta.
3. Post.
4. magetsi ogula.
5. Dongosolo kuti asaaonerera pa galimoto ndi.

Batire ndi gwero zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu magetsi, zomwe makamaka akutumikira poyambitsa injini. Pamene njirayi imagwiridwa, chida ali zoyendetsedwa ndi injini kudzera jenereta, amene otembenuka mphamvu mawotchi mphamvu zamagetsi. Pamene injini ikulira, batire amapereka zida zonse nokha.

Jenereta kuthandiza pa bolodi maukonde DC voteji ndipo anapatsa batire pamene galimoto ikulira. Kulumikizana umaimiridwa ndi ya mawaya, amene, monga Mitsempha mu thupi lathu, amafalitsidwa mu galimoto. Akubisa pansi mbali pulasitiki galimoto.

dongosolo galimoto ulamuliro wapangidwa ndi gulu ulamuliro ndi kuchuluka kwa masensa osiyana. mphamvu ogula - ndi magetsi, kuunikira, wipers ndi zipangizo zina.

The zigawo zikuluzikulu mkati galimoto

Kumbuyo gudumu la galimoto, munthu akulingalira ndi kuchuluka kwa masiwichi, zizindikiro, levers, mabatani ndi zinthu zina. Tiyeni tione waukulu mkati amazilamulira makina amene alipo pafupifupi onse zitsanzo magalimoto.

lakutsogolo

Apa mutha kuona zokhudza udindo wa kachitidwe zikuluzikulu za galimoto yanu. Malinga ndi mtengo wa makina lakutsogolo, kuwonjezera mfundo mathamangidwe (speedometer ndi pa zonse), mukhoza kuona: pa zimene liwiro galimoto ikulira, zomwe zida panopa yogwira, kodi kutentha kwa madzimadzi yozizira monga mu thanki mafuta a mafuta ndi zina zotero. Ngati chitsanzo ali okonzeka ndi kompyuta adakwera, ndiye kuti gulu chida zikhoza anasonyeza pamene zotsatirazi: kumwa yomweyo mafuta, mtunda tsiku, mtunda pafupifupi pamaso refueling, ndi ena.

chiongolero

Monga mukudziwa kale, ndi kasinthasintha wa chiwongolero imazungulira. Koma kwa galimoto masiku ano si ntchito konse kwa mchitidwe uwu. Tsopano gudumu wokwera amazilamulira kuti wailesi, ulamuliro nyengo ndi zipangizo zina. Izi zidalira pa malingaliro a Mlengi.

phesi

Pafupifupi makina zonse zofanana ndi kuchita kutsegula ntchito: kuunikira, chizindikiro motsatana, "mizati" ndi washers magalasi. Nthawi zambiri pansi pa chiwongolero ndi anapezanso gearshift paddles. Apa, kachiwiri, izo zidalira pa Mlengi wa zinthu zosiyana.

pedals

onse pano. Ngati galimoto lanu ndi ofunika ILAC, ndiye pali pedals atatu: zowalamulira, nagawa ndi accelerator ( "mpweya"). Pankhani ya kufala basi ndi ngo zowalamulira palibe.

The kutonthoza malo

Ziri kulankhula, danga pakati pa mipando yakutsogolo. Pali HIV ndalezo (nthawizina makina ochapira), ndi gulu la akalowa zake, magalimoto ananyema ndalezo ( "nyundo"), mitundu yonse ya masiwichi wothandiza, zopalira, ashtrays ndi zina zotero.

The gulu chapakati

Pano mukhoza kupeza Knobs ndi masiwichi pa Kutentha / mpweya system (mpweya mu magalimoto odula). mchitidwe wina wa gulu chapakati, amene angapezeke pa makina onse ndi audio. Palinso matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi dongosolo, ngati mtolo iliyonse.

Pomaliza

Today takambirana chipangizo yaikulu ya galimoto ndipo kamodzinso anaonetsetsa kuti galimoto - ndi dongosolo zovuta. Komabe, mu umbuli mlingo kudziwana ake, ndi wokwanira ndi chabe kupirira pang'ono. Chabwino, bwinobwino tione mfundo zikuluzikulu za galimoto ndi kuphunzira mmene kuzikonza, kutenga zaka.